Question 1

Which of the following does not describe one of the views of Terman and Miles regarding gender roles?

Accepted Answer

Terman and Miles' views were focused on how individuals acquire their gender roles and did not involve conflict with parents as a factor.

Question 2

Bobby, a second grader, has pictures of LeBron James all over his room. He tells his parents and friends that he wants to grow up to be just like LeBron. Which of Kohlberg's stages is Bobby likely in?

Accepted Answer

Bobby is likely in the gender constancy stage because he understands that his gender will not change, even if he changes his appearance or behavior.

Question 3

A person who is described as intersexed is __________

Accepted Answer

Intersexed individuals are born with ambiguous or atypical sex organs, making it difficult to assign them to either male or female. They may also have a combination of male and female physical characteristics or reproductive organs. Surgical interventions to assign a gender identity are controversial and not always necessary. Being intersexed does not necessarily determine a person's sexual orientation.

Question 4

According to Freud, children's ideas about gender arise from __________

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that children's ideas about gender arise from the Oedipus and Electra complexes, which involve conflict about their feelings toward their parents during the phallic stage of psychosexual development.

Question 5

A person who has a gender identity that is the opposite of his or her biological sex is __________

Accepted Answer

A person with a gender identity that is the opposite of his or her biological sex is commonly referred to as transgendered. Transgendered individuals may identify as a different gender than the one they were assigned at birth, and may or may not choose to undergo medical interventions such as hormone therapy or gender-affirming surgery. "Intersexed" refers to individuals born with physical sex characteristics that don't fit typical male or female classifications, while "homosexual" refers to individuals who are primarily attracted to members of the same sex. "Transsexual" also refers to individuals who identify as a different gender than the one they were assigned at birth, but typically implies a desire to transition fully to that gender, often through medical procedures.

Question 6

Sandra Bem proposed that gender roles__________

Accepted Answer

Sandra Bem proposed that gender roles include both masculine and feminine dimensions, rejecting the traditional view of gender roles as being strictly male or female. She developed the Bem Sex Role Inventory, which measures individuals' gender expression on both masculine and feminine scales. This concept of gender roles as a spectrum rather than a binary has become widely accepted in contemporary psychology.

Question 7

According to Kohlberg, children go through a series of stages in acquiring the concept of gender. Which of the following is NOT one of Kohlberg's stages?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory includes three stages: gender identity, gender stability, and gender constancy. Gender development is not one of Kohlberg's stages.

Question 8

A culture's expectation of masculine and feminine behaviors can be defined as __________

Accepted Answer

The term "gender roles" refers to the set of social and cultural expectations that dictate how individuals of a certain gender should think, feel, and behave. These expectations are typically based on stereotypical notions of masculinity and femininity, and often include specific behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs. So, C is the most appropriate answer. A is incorrect because homosexuality is not relevant to the topic of gender roles. B is incorrect because heterosexuality is a sexual orientation and not directly related to the concept of gender roles. D is incorrect because gender typing refers to the process by which children learn and adopt gender roles, not the expectations themselves.

Question 9

A person contemplating surgery to alter his or her bodily appearance to that of the opposite sex is thinking about becoming a(n) __________

Accepted Answer

A person contemplating surgery to alter his or her bodily appearance to that of the opposite sex is considering transitioning to the gender they identify as, which is known as being a transsexual. Homosexuality refers to a person's sexual orientation, while transvestism involves wearing clothing traditionally associated with the opposite gender. Inverted sex role participant is not a common term used in the context of gender identity.

Question 10

According to learning theorists, children's ideas about gender roles develop from __________

Accepted Answer

Learning theorists argue that children's ideas about gender roles develop through reinforcement and punishment of their sex role behaviors. For example, if a girl is praised for playing with dolls and criticized for playing with trucks, she may begin to associate dolls with femininity and trucks with masculinity. Over time, this reinforcement may lead to the development of more rigid gender stereotypes and beliefs. As children continue to receive feedback from the social environment, they begin to internalize gender roles and form their own ideas about what it means to be male or female.

Question 11

Rashid and Tawana are watching the classic TV show Leave It to Beaver. After watching the show, they decide to play. Rashid says he will be Ward Cleaver and Tawana should play June Cleaver. This play situation would be best explained by __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rashid and Tawana are watching the classic...

Question 12

What is the term for the condition in which a person is born with both male and female sex organs?

Accepted Answer

The term for the condition in which a person is born with both male and female sex organs is true hermaphrodite. Homosexuality and bisexuality refer to a person's sexual orientation, while intrasexualism is not a recognized term in the field of human sexuality.

Question 13

A transgendered person who lives as the opposite gender on a full-time basis is known as a __________

Accepted Answer

A transgendered person who lives as the opposite gender on a full-time basis is known as a transsexual. The term "hermaphrodite" is outdated and inaccurate, as it refers to individuals with both male and female reproductive organs, whereas transgender individuals identify with a gender that differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. "Homosexual" refers to sexual attraction to the same gender, not gender identity. "Transvestite" refers to someone who dresses in clothing typically associated with the opposite gender but does not necessarily identify as the opposite gender.

Question 14

What is responsible for most cases of intersex?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomal defects, such as variations in the typical XX or XY chromosome patterns, are responsible for most cases of intersex. These variations can lead to differences in sexual development.

Question 15

Carlos think of himself as independent and assertive, two characteristics that are associated with masculinity in his culture. According to the text, Carlos has a sense of __________ that is consistent with his biological sex.

Accepted Answer

Carlos' sense of being independent and assertive aligns with the traditional masculine gender identity in his culture, which is consistent with his biological sex. Gender identity is a person's internal sense of their gender, whether it aligns with societal expectations or not. Gender typing refers to the process by which children learn the gender norms and expectations of their culture, while cultural stereotypes are the societal beliefs and assumptions about gender roles that may or may not reflect individual experiences. Gender preference is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 16

Fifteen year old Latisha feels that she has been a "boy trapped in a girl's body" for as long as she can remember. She is learning about sexual reassignment surgery from her mother, who supports her daughter after taking her to a doctor who diagnosed her as being __________

Accepted Answer

The best choice is B because Latisha has expressed feeling like a "boy trapped in a girl's body," which is a common experience for transgender individuals. The doctor has diagnosed her as transgendered, which would indicate that she may be a good candidate for sexual reassignment surgery. Choices A, C, and D are not appropriate diagnoses for Latisha's situation.

Question 17

When children observe their same-sex parents behaving in certain ways and imitate that behavior, a psychologist uses which theory to explain the situation?

Accepted Answer

Learning theory suggests that children acquire behaviors and attitudes through observing and imitating others, such as their parents or peers. In the case of same-sex parents, if a child observes their parents behaving in a certain way that aligns with their gender identity, they may imitate that behavior.

Question 18

The process of determining in which sex a child with ambiguous genitalia should be reared is called __________

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is known as sex assignment. Gender role decisions, gender-schema development, and sex characteristic role development are all related to the development and expression of gender identity, but do not directly relate to determining the sex of a child with ambiguous genitalia.

Question 19

Sue sees her mother knitting a sweater. Later, Sue takes out a ball of yarn and some knitting needles from her mother's supplies and tries to do the same. This is a good example of the __________ theory of gender development.

Accepted Answer

Sue's behavior is an example of learning theory, which states that gender behaviors are acquired through reinforcement, punishment, and modeling. Sue observed her mother knitting and later tried to imitate the behavior, which is a result of observational learning. This type of learning is a key component of learning theory.

Question 20

According to Kohlberg, what is the correct sequence children go through in acquiring the concept of gender?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg proposed that children first acquire gender identity (recognizing they are male or female), then achieve gender stability (understanding that gender is stable over time), and finally reach gender constancy (realizing that gender is invariant despite superficial changes in appearance or activities).

Quiz 11: Human Sexuality and Gender