Question 1

If a first degree relative has an anxiety and/or anxiety-related disorder, then the offspring have 4-6 times the risk of inheriting that specific anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

The risk of inheriting an anxiety disorder from a first-degree relative is increased, but it is not specifically 4-6 times; the exact risk can vary depending on the disorder and other factors.

Question 2

From a cognitive perspective, panic disorder involves catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations.

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder is believed to involve catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations, leading to intense fear and panic attacks. This cognitive perspective suggests that individuals with panic disorder may interpret harmless bodily sensations, such as a racing heart or shortness of breath, as signs of imminent danger or a medical emergency, triggering a panic response.

Question 3

Specific parenting behaviours and styles have been associated with increased risk of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found that parenting behaviours and styles such as overprotectiveness, criticism, and inconsistency can increase the risk of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders in children.

Question 4

Mythical and historical accounts of anxiety reactions date as far back as the existence of writing.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety reactions have been documented in various forms throughout history, including in ancient Greek and Egyptian texts.

Question 5

Family studies indicate that up to 50% of those suffering from anxiety and anxiety- related disorders have an immediate family member who also suffers from one as well.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Family studies indicate that up to 50%...

Question 6

Mowrer's two-factor model of fear and phobias proposes that fears are acquired through classical conditioning but are maintained through operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Mowrer's two-factor model suggests that fears are initially acquired through classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a negative event or outcome. However, once the fear is established, it is maintained through operant conditioning, where avoiding the feared object or situation leads to a reduction in anxiety, reinforcing the avoidance behavior.

Question 7

Researchers hope to provide critical experimental tests of attachment vs. cognitive explanations of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, since these approaches are incompatible.

Accepted Answer

Attachment and cognitive explanations of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders are not necessarily incompatible; they can be integrated to provide a more comprehensive understanding of these conditions. Researchers often explore how these different perspectives can complement each other to better understand the complexity of anxiety disorders.

Question 8

It is possible to have a diagnosis of agoraphobia without history of panic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Agoraphobia can be diagnosed in individuals who have not experienced panic attacks or panic disorder, although it is often associated with panic disorder.

Question 9

__________ treatments for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders tend to have lower relapse rates.
A) Pharmacological
B) Cognitive-behavioural
C) Humanistic
D) Existential
E) Psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioural treatments for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders focus on changing negative thought patterns and behaviours associated with anxiety. This type of therapy teaches individuals skills to manage their anxiety and cope with stressful situations. Because it addresses underlying issues and provides practical skills, cognitive-behavioural therapy tends to have lower relapse rates than pharmacological treatments alone.

Question 10

Research has shown that there are no cross-cultural differences in the expression of social anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

Research has actually shown that there are cross-cultural differences in the expression of social anxiety disorder. For example, individuals from collectivistic cultures may experience social anxiety related to feelings of shame or bringing shame upon their family or community, whereas those from individualistic cultures may experience social anxiety related to perceived social rejection or humiliation.

Question 11

Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder often avoid activities such as drinking coffee and having sex because they frequently misinterpret the resulting bodily sensations of arousal.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) may avoid activities that they believe could exacerbate their anxiety, such as consuming caffeine. However, avoiding sex due to misinterpreting arousal sensations is not commonly associated with GAD specifically; avoidance behaviors can vary widely among individuals and are not limited to these activities alone.

Question 12

Anxiety and anxiety-related related disorders are the third most common mental disorder, second only to mood disorders and eating disorders.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety and anxiety-related disorders are actually the most common mental disorders, surpassing both mood disorders and eating disorders in prevalence.

Question 13

Obsessions are repetitive behaviours performed in response to repetitive, intrusive thoughts.

Accepted Answer

Obsessions are the repetitive, intrusive thoughts themselves, while compulsions are the repetitive behaviors performed in response to these thoughts.

Question 14

Individuals who are susceptible to anxiety and anxiety-related disorders do not appear to have atypical beliefs about the self, but have been found to have a number of distorted beliefs about specific threats in the environment.

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are susceptible to anxiety and anxiety-related disorders often have atypical or distorted beliefs about the self as well as distorted beliefs about specific threats in the environment, contributing to their anxiety.

Question 15

The amygdala can effectively process external (i.e., fear-provoking) stimuli and determine its survival relevance without the influence of higher brain functioning.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for quickly processing fear-provoking stimuli and determining their survival relevance without needing input from higher brain functioning. This allows for quick reactions to potential threats.

Question 16

Mowrer's two-factor theory satisfactorily explains why some stimuli (such as spiders) are more likely to become feared rather than others.

Accepted Answer

Mowrer's two-factor theory, which combines classical and operant conditioning, does not specifically address why certain stimuli like spiders are more likely to become feared. It explains how fears are acquired and maintained, but it does not delve into the evolutionary or biological predispositions that might make certain stimuli more fear-inducing than others.

Question 17

Panic could be described as a "false alarm."

Accepted Answer

Panic is often a response to a perceived threat or danger, but it is considered a false alarm because the level of perceived threat is typically exaggerated or irrational.

Question 18

We now know that GABA is the only neurotransmitter system dedicated to the fear and anxiety response.

Accepted Answer

While GABA is an important neurotransmitter involved in regulating the fear and anxiety response, it is not the only neurotransmitter system dedicated to this function. Other neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are also involved in the regulation of fear and anxiety.

Question 19

The equipotentiality premise, as it applies to phobias, is widely accepted as true.

Accepted Answer

The equipotentiality premise, which suggests that all stimuli have an equal potential to become associated with phobias, is not widely accepted as true. Research has shown that some stimuli are more likely to become the object of phobias than others, indicating biological predispositions that challenge the equipotentiality premise.

Question 20

Although females are more likely to develop a specific phobia, a surprising finding is that males tend to be higher in disgust sensitivity.

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that females tend to have higher disgust sensitivity compared to males, which is often linked to evolutionary and psychological factors.

Quiz 5: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma -Related Disorders