Question 1

Name the individual who,while working with the garden pea in the mid- 1850s,demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the behavior of hereditary factors.
A)George Wallace
B)Barbara McClintock
C)Walter Sutton
D)Theodor Boveri
E)Gregor Mendel

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics and worked with garden peas in the mid-1850s to demonstrate quantitative patterns of heredity and develop a theory involving the behavior of hereditary factors.

Question 2

In many species,there are two representatives of each chromosome.In such species,the characteristic number of chromosomes is called the _________number.It is usually symbolized as_______ .
A)haploid; n
B)monoploid; n
C)diploid; n
D)haploid; 2n
E)diploid; 2n

Accepted Answer

The characteristic number of chromosomes in species where there are two representatives of each chromosome is known as the diploid number and is symbolized as 2n. This is because each pair of chromosomes consists of two homologous chromosomes, one from each parent. Therefore, the correct answer is E - diploid; 2n. Choice A (haploid; n) and B (monoploid; n) are incorrect because they refer to species with only one representative of each chromosome, which is not the case in this scenario. Choice C (diploid; n) is incorrect because it does not include the information about the number of total chromosomes. Choice D (haploid; 2n) is also incorrect as it is a contradictory statement.

Question 3

What would happen if,during meiosis,the chromosome number was not halved before egg and sperm formation?
A)each offspring would have different phenotypes than their parents
B)nothing
C)in each successive generation,the offspring would double their chromosome number
D)the spindle would be compromised
E)n would become halved

Accepted Answer

If the chromosome number was not halved before egg and sperm formation, in each successive generation, the offspring would double their chromosome number. This would cause great genetic instability, as the resulting offspring would have an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to developmental defects and genetic disorders.

Question 4

In the 1600s,William Harvey studied reproduction and development.What is the term given to the theory that states that an organism develops from the fertilized egg by a succession of developmental events that lead to an adult?
A)preformation
B)transduction
C)epigenesis
D)equational transformation
E)sequential pattern formation

Accepted Answer

The term given to the theory that states that an organism develops from the fertilized egg by a succession of developmental events that lead to an adult is "epigenesis". Preformation refers to the now-discredited idea that an organism is fully formed within the sperm cell or egg cell before fertilization. Transduction refers to the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through a virus. Equational transformation and sequential pattern formation are not terms commonly used in developmental biology.

Question 5

What is a mutation?
A)a change in DNA that leads to death
B)an inherited change in DNA sequences that is the source of all genetic variation
C)an inherited changed in DNA sequence that is always bad for an organism
D)an inherited change in a DNA sequence
E)the source of all genetic variation

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a mutation?
A)a change in DNA...

Question 6

Genetics is the study of_______ .
A)replication and recombination
B)transcription and translation
C)mutation and recession
D)diploid and haploid
E)inheritance and variation

Accepted Answer

Genetics involves studying the way that traits are inherited from one generation to the next and the variations that can occur between individuals within a population. This includes exploring the underlying mechanisms of inheritance, such as Mendelian genetics, as well as more complex phenomena such as gene expression, epigenetics, and genome evolution. Replication, recombination, transcription, translation, and diploid/haploid state are important concepts within genetics, but they are not comprehensive enough to fully capture the scope of the field. Mutation and recession are not commonly used terms in genetics.

Question 7

Early in the twentieth century,Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri noted that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis is identical to the behavior of genes during gamete formation.They proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes,which led to the basis of the_______ .
A)First Law of Thermodynamics
B)Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
C)Law of Segregation
D)Chromosomal Maintenance Theory
E)Law of Independent Assortment

Accepted Answer

Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri's proposal that genes are carried on chromosomes led to the development of the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
A)depending on the food a turtle eats,it shell may grow faster or slower
B)human beings develop freckles from being out in the sun
C)sometime during human's life they break a bone and it heals
D)a bird's beak is able to effectively crack the seeds it encounters
E)bacteria can be effectively killed by treatment with bleach

Accepted Answer

Natural selection involves the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The example of a bird's beak being able to effectively crack the seeds it encounters illustrates an adaptation that would give it a survival advantage, fitting the concept of natural selection.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of variation?
A)both monocotyledons and dicotyledons perform the dark reaction
B)giraffes have not been seen in an albino form
C)a child does not have her mother's hair color
D)cats can have long or short fur
E)lobsters can come in many colors including blue,read,and brown

Accepted Answer

This is not an example of variation because both monocotyledons and dicotyledons performing the dark reaction is a consistent and uniform trait within their respective categories.

Question 10

Who,along with Alfred Wallace,formulated the theory of natural selection?
A)James Watson
B)Louis Pasteur
C)Charles Darwin
D)Gregor Mendel
E)William Harvey

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace both independently formulated the theory of natural selection.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of heredity?
A)Flying squirrels have a different mechanism of flight than mosquitos.
B)Flies and molluscs both have eyes.
C)Both moths and birds have wings and can fly.
D)Doberman pinschers and boxers have similar body shapes.
E)Dalmation dogs all have spots.

Accepted Answer

Dalmation dogs having spots is an example of heredity as it is a trait that is passed down genetically from their parents.

Question 12

What term is used to describe the fact that different genes in an organism often provide differences in observable features?
A)alleles
B)natural selection
C)phenotype
D)inheritance
E)genotype

Accepted Answer

Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism which may vary due to differences in gene expression or environmental factors. Alleles refer to different versions of the same gene, and inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material from parent to offspring. Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution that leads to changes in allele frequencies in a population over time, but it is not specifically related to observable differences in phenotypes. Genotype refers to an organism's genetic makeup, which may or may not manifest in observable phenotypic traits.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about alleles?
A)Individuals carry both forms of each allele.
B)Alleles come in two forms,the good form and the bad form.
C)The phenotype of the individual will always indicate with certainty the alleles of the individual.
D)An allele is a variant form of a gene.
E)An individual will only carry one version of an allele.

Accepted Answer

An allele is a variant form of a gene, meaning that there can be multiple alleles for the same gene. This allows for genetic diversity within a population. A and E are incorrect as individuals can carry two different versions of an allele (one from each parent) and therefore may carry different forms. B is incorrect as alleles can have different effects depending on the context in which they are expressed, and there is not necessarily a "good" or "bad" form. C is incorrect as certain alleles can be recessive and not expressed in the phenotype, making it difficult to determine an individual's alleles just by looking at their physical appearance.

Question 14

What is the term given to the theory that states that the fertilized egg contains a complete miniature adult?
A)transduction
B)preformation
C)transformation
D)cell theory
E)conjugation

Accepted Answer

The term given to the theory that states that the fertilized egg contains a complete miniature adult is preformation. Preformation theory proposed that inside the egg or sperm already contained a fully-formed individual, and embryonic development was simply a process of growth and enlargement of this miniature form.

Question 15

Which of the following is the subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and variation at the molecular,cellular,developmental,organismal,and populational levels?
A)cytogenetics
B)genetics
C)molecular biology
D)cell biology
E)biochemistry

Accepted Answer

Genetics is the subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and variation at all levels, including molecular, cellular, developmental, organismal, and populational levels. Cytogenetics focuses specifically on the study of chromosomes, while molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemistry are related subdisciplines that contribute to the study of genetics.

Question 16

What is a homunculus?
A)the intermediate stage of the DNA after CRISPR- Cas treatment
B)during development sometimes a growing individual's cell can become mutated and one part of the child has different characteristics than the other
C)a large cyst or growth on a plant due to viral infection
D)when the mitochondrion grows in size before splitting into two via fission
E)a sperm or egg containing a miniature adult,perfect in size and proportion

Accepted Answer

A homunculus is a theory from medieval alchemy and early biology that suggested a fully formed miniature human (homunculus) was present inside every sperm or egg cell, waiting to be implanted and grow into a full-sized adult. This theory has been disproven by modern science.

Question 17

Who was the Augustinian monk that conducted a decade of experiments on the garden pea,eventually showing that traits are passed from parents to offspring in predictable ways?
A)Francis Crick
B)Gregor Mendel
C)Hippocrates
D)Aristotle
E)Alfred Wallace

Accepted Answer

The Augustinian monk who conducted experiments on the garden pea and formulated the basic principles of heredity is Gregor Mendel. Option A, Francis Crick, is known for co-discovering the structure of DNA, but not for his work on pea plants. Options C, D, and E, Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Alfred Wallace, respectively, were not directly involved in the field of genetics or heredity.

Question 18

What is the term given to the theory that put forth the idea that living organisms could arise by incubating nonliving components?
A)evolution
B)spontaneous generation
C)natural selection
D)collective combination
E)preformation

Accepted Answer

The theory that living organisms could arise from nonliving components is known as spontaneous generation.

Question 19

Until the mid- 1940s,many scientists considered proteins to be the likely candidates for the genetic material.Which of the following characteristics led scientist to believe DNA was NOT the genetic material?
A)DNA has less variation than protein.
B)Protein can fold into may shapes.
C)DNA is less abundant than protein and DNA has less variation than protein.
D)DNA is less abundant than protein.
E)DNA is more stable than protein.

Accepted Answer

DNA has less variation than protein, and DNA is less abundant than protein.

Question 20

Alternative forms of a gene are called_______ .
A)phenotypes
B)mutants
C)meiotic products
D)alleles
E)genotypes

Accepted Answer

Alternative forms of a gene are called alleles. Phenotypes refer to the physical expression of the genes, mutants refer to organisms with a changed gene sequence due to a mutation, meiotic products are the cells produced during meiosis, and genotypes refer to the genetic makeup of an organism.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Genetics

Name the individual who,while working with the garden pea in the mid- 1850s,demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the behavior of hereditary factors.

In many species,there are two representatives of each chromosome.In such species,the characteristic number of chromosomes is called the ___number.It is usually symbolized as_ .

What would happen if,during meiosis,the chromosome number was not halved before egg and sperm formation?

In the 1600s,William Harvey studied reproduction and development.What is the term given to the theory that states that an organism develops from the fertilized egg by a succession of developmental events that lead to an adult?

What is a mutation?

Genetics is the study of_______ .

Early in the twentieth century,Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri noted that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis is identical to the behavior of genes during gamete formation.They proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes,which led to the basis of the_______ .

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

Which of the following is NOT an example of variation?

Who,along with Alfred Wallace,formulated the theory of natural selection?

Which of the following is an example of heredity?

What term is used to describe the fact that different genes in an organism often provide differences in observable features?

Which of the following is TRUE about alleles?

What is the term given to the theory that states that the fertilized egg contains a complete miniature adult?

Which of the following is the subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and variation at the molecular,cellular,developmental,organismal,and populational levels?

What is a homunculus?

Who was the Augustinian monk that conducted a decade of experiments on the garden pea,eventually showing that traits are passed from parents to offspring in predictable ways?

What is the term given to the theory that put forth the idea that living organisms could arise by incubating nonliving components?

Until the mid- 1940s,many scientists considered proteins to be the likely candidates for the genetic material.Which of the following characteristics led scientist to believe DNA was NOT the genetic material?

Alternative forms of a gene are called_______ .