Question 1

Amu lives in an isolated area and very close-knit community. The community hunts and farms together and must do so to survive. If Amu suddenly becomes aggressive toward other community members, how is he likely to be treated?

Accepted Answer

In an isolated and close-knit community like this, aggression towards other members would likely be seen as a threat to the survival of the group. The community would likely respond by shunning the aggressive member in order to protect themselves and maintain social harmony. Rewarding the aggressive behavior (A) or electing the individual to a leadership position (B) would be counterproductive to the community's well-being. Ignoring the behavior (D) could also be detrimental to the community's survival.

Question 2

During the seventeenth century, when European fur traders arrived, the Iroquois changed from a peace-loving tribe to fierce enemies of their neighbors, the Hurons. This suggests that

Accepted Answer

The arrival of European fur traders introduced economic competition between the Iroquois and the Hurons, which led to an increase in aggression. This suggests that aggression can be elicited by economic and social competition.

Question 3

Researchers have found that testosterone levels are significantly higher in men ________, suggesting a ________ contribution to aggression in humans.

Accepted Answer

The option "convicted of violent crimes; biological" directly links higher levels of testosterone to aggression in humans. The other options do not have a direct correlation between testosterone levels and aggression.

Question 4

Survey research by Nisbett (1993) has revealed that although southerners are no more likely than northerners to endorse aggression in general,

Accepted Answer

Nisbett's research found that although southerners are no more likely to endorse aggression in general, they are more prone to aggress in response to insults. This suggests that the "culture of honor" in the South may place a greater emphasis on defending one's reputation or honor through physical means.

Question 5

How does female-dominated society lead bonobos to deal with conflict?

Accepted Answer

In bonobo society, females hold a dominant position and use sexual behavior to diffuse tension and handle conflicts. Bonobos are known for their use of sexual behavior in various contexts, including greetings, reconciliation, and resolving conflicts. This behavior helps to reduce aggression and promote peace within their social groups.

Question 6

Researchers have found that humans kill members of their own kind at ________ rate ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have found that humans kill members...

Question 7

According to your textbook, most social psychologists agree that aggression is a(n) ________ strategy.

Accepted Answer

Most social psychologists believe that aggression is an optional strategy, meaning that people have a choice in whether or not they engage in aggressive behavior. It is not believed to be completely inherited or uncontrollable, although biological and situational factors can certainly influence aggressive tendencies. Additionally, aggression is not seen as inflexible, as people can learn alternative and more adaptive ways of responding to frustrating or threatening situations.

Question 8

What, according to the social-psychological point of view, is inherited about aggression?

Accepted Answer

According to the social-psychological point of view, a tendency to respond to provocation against an aggressor is inherited. However, this tendency can be overridden through learning and socialization.

Question 9

The chimpanzee shares 98 percent of its DNA with humans, and can be described as

Accepted Answer

While chimps are capable of acts of kindness and cooperation, they have also been observed committing acts of violence, including what could be considered murder, towards members of their own and even other chimp groups.

Question 10

Bonobos are a close primate relative to humans, sharing 98 percent of human DNA. Bonobos are particularly interesting to use when studying aggression because they are

Accepted Answer

Bonobos are known for being peaceful primates and are often referred to as the "make-love-not-war" primates. They are led by a female hierarchy and use sexual activity as a tool for diffusing tension and conflict instead of aggression. This makes them a unique species for studying aggression and conflict resolution.

Question 11

A researcher (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1963) raised rats in isolation. When other rats were finally introduced into their cages, rats raised alone ________, suggesting that ________.

Accepted Answer

The rats raised in isolation used the same aggressive behaviors as other rats, suggesting that aggression need not be learned.

Question 12

Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals, it is reasonable to conclude that aggression

Accepted Answer

Research with nonhuman animals has shown that aggression is not inevitable and that animals have the ability to choose alternative strategies in response to conflicting situations. For example, some animals may use appeasement behaviors instead of aggression, such as submitting or retreating, in order to avoid conflict. This suggests that aggression is not solely instinctive but can be subject to behavioral flexibility and decision-making.

Question 13

The Pygmies of Central Africa and the Arapesh of New Guinea live in peace and harmony, while European history consists of one war after the other. Formerly peace-loving, the Iroquois became a fierce and aggressive Native American tribe in the seventeenth century. These examples illustrate that

Accepted Answer

These examples illustrate the concept that human behaviors, including aggression, can be significantly shaped and altered by cultural, social, or environmental factors, indicating their malleability and modifiability rather than being fixed or purely innate.

Question 14

The Teduray of the Philippines believe that humans are violent by nature, so they work to be sure that their behavior does not harm others. However, when will they become aggressive?

Accepted Answer

The Teduray become aggressive when they must protect themselves from outside groups. This may be due to perceived threats or actual attacks from other groups.

Question 15

According to research presented by the authors of your text, humans' two closest primate relatives (sharing 98 percent of DNA with humans) are the ________, known for their aggressive nature, and the ________, known for their peaceful nature.

Accepted Answer

According to the research presented in the text, humans' two closest primate relatives sharing 98 percent of DNA with humans are chimpanzees and bonobos. Chimpanzees are known for their aggressive nature, while bonobos are known for their peaceful nature. Therefore, the best choice is C: chimpanzees, bonobos.

Question 16

Most social psychologists regard aggressive behavior patterns as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most social psychologists regard aggressive behavior patterns...

Question 17

Nisbett (1993) has conducted research pointing to regional differences in the propensity to aggress. Based on his findings, which of the men below would be more likely to beat up another man who called his wife "ugly"?

Accepted Answer

Nisbett's research found that individuals from the Southern and Western regions of the United States tend to have higher rates of violent behavior and aggression compared to individuals from other regions. Texas is located in the Southern region, making it more likely that Ted, who lives in Texas, would be prone to aggressiveness.

Question 18

Biologist Zing Yang Kuo (1961) demonstrated that a cat that had been raised from birth with a rat in the same cage would attack neither that specific rat nor other rats. This research suggests that

Accepted Answer

Kuo's experiment indicates that aggressive behaviors, which might be considered instinctive, can actually be modified or suppressed through specific experiences, such as growing up with a rat. This suggests that the environment and experiences play a significant role in shaping or altering what might be considered natural or instinctive behaviors, including aggression.

Question 19

Assume that Kyle grew up in the South, where a "culture of honor" predominates. Based on research presented in the text, Kyle would be more likely than a northerner to behave aggressively when

Accepted Answer

According to the research presented in the text, individuals who grew up in a "culture of honor" are more likely to react aggressively when they perceive that their reputation or status has been challenged, such as in the case of an insult or affront. The other options (feeling threatened, drinking, winning a contest) may or may not trigger aggression depending on individual factors, but do not directly relate to a culture of honor.

Question 20

Evolutionary explanations for behavior are controversial for several reasons. Nonetheless, how true are the evolutionary explanations for aggression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evolutionary explanations for behavior are controversial for...

Quiz 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It