Question 1

Charles is motivated to see himself accurately. What kind of social comparison is he most likely to make?

Accepted Answer

If Charles is motivated to see himself accurately, he is more likely to make a comparison with people who have a similar background or circumstances to his own. This is because such comparisons are more valid and reliable in determining one's standing and performance. Charles is likely to compare himself to people who have faced similar challenges or obstacles, rather than comparing himself to people who are much better or worse off than him. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate choice.

Question 2

According to research, when participants were asked to first suppress a thought, they later performed worse ________ in the second task.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research, when participants were asked...

Question 3

What is meant by the idea of the "looking glass self" (Cooley, 1902)?

Accepted Answer

The looking glass self is the idea that we see ourselves through the eyes of others and take on their views of us as our own self-concept. Cooley compared this to looking into a mirror or looking glass, where we see ourselves as we appear to others.

Question 4

Which person would have the most difficulty exerting self-control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which person would have the most difficulty...

Question 5

________ supplies energy to the brain.

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the primary source of energy for the brain as it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and can be used by the brain cells for energy production. Sucrose, fructose, and maltose can be broken down into glucose, but they are not utilized by the brain directly.

Question 6

In a study presented in the textbook, participants were greeted by either a likable or an unlikable experimenter, who either wore a blank shirt or an anti-racism shirt. Then participants completed a measure of automatic prejudice. Results from this study suggest that when people make an acquaintance that they like, they

Accepted Answer

The study showed that when participants were greeted by a likable experimenter, they were more likely to adopt the experimenter's anti-prejudice attitude as measured by the automatic prejudice measure.

Question 7

Upward social comparison is to ________ as downward social comparison is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Upward social comparison involves comparing oneself to those who are superior or have more desirable qualities, while downward social comparison involves comparing oneself to those who are inferior or have less desirable qualities. Therefore, the best choice is D, where upward social comparison is paired with superior and downward social comparison is paired with inferior.

Question 8

Social tuning is the process by which people

Accepted Answer

Social tuning refers to the process by which people adopt another person's attitudes. This can occur consciously or unconsciously, and can result in individuals aligning their own attitudes and beliefs with those of their social partners. While feedback and self-understanding may be factors in social tuning, they are not the primary focus of this phenomenon.

Question 9

Which of the following is the best example of the self-control function of the self?

Accepted Answer

Making a plan about how to study and succeed academically is an example of the self-control function of the self because it involves regulating one's behavior towards a desired goal. It requires self-discipline and the ability to delay gratification in order to achieve long-term success. The other options are not as closely related to self-control.

Question 10

According to the self-regulatory resource model, ________ requires energy, and spending it on one task limits the amount that can be spent on other things.

Accepted Answer

According to the self-regulatory resource model, self-control or the ability to resist immediate impulses and delay gratification requires energy. It is a limited resource and spending it on one task can limit the amount that can be spent on other things.

Question 11

Which person is not making a downward social comparison?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which person is not making a downward...

Question 12

According to information presented in the textbook, researchers found that in order to feel more optimistic about their own futures, cancer patients engage in

Accepted Answer

Researchers found that cancer patients engage in downward social comparison in order to feel more optimistic about their own futures. This means that they compare themselves to others who are worse off in terms of illness or prognosis, which can make them feel better about their own situation.

Question 13

Which is the best metaphor for the self-regulatory resource model?

Accepted Answer

The self-regulatory resource model suggests individuals have a limited amount of self-control or willpower, similar to how a fuel tank has a limited amount of gas. As people use their self-regulatory resources to make decisions, resist temptations, or regulate their emotions, this "fuel tank" of self-control becomes depleted and may need to be recharged through rest or replenishment.

Question 14

When Jessie sits down for the first day of class, the person next to him, Blake, is wearing a "Free Tibet" shirt. After a few minutes of talking, Jessie realizes that he likes Blake. Which of the following is most likely to happen based on the idea of social tuning?

Accepted Answer

Social tuning suggests that people unconsciously adjust their attitudes and beliefs to match those of the people they are interacting with. In this scenario, Jessie may begin to adopt or at least agree with Blake's views on Tibet, even if he didn't previously hold that position. A, B, and D are unlikely outcomes as they involve more extreme behavior on either Jessie or Blake's part, which goes beyond the concept of social tuning.

Question 15

Who is likely to feel best about herself?

Accepted Answer

Lori is comparing her current skills to her past performance, which is a form of self-improvement and is likely to result in a positive view of her progress and abilities. This is in contrast to comparing oneself to others or to an ideal, which can often lead to feelings of inadequacy.

Question 16

Thought suppression is much like self-control in that they both

Accepted Answer

Thought suppression and self-control both require mental effort and consume cognitive resources, making it harder to focus on other tasks.

Question 17

Brittany knows she will need all the mental resources she has to focus on a speech she must give. Which of the following would be least helpful in terms of increasing her self-regulatory resources?

Accepted Answer

Trying to quit smoking on the day of the speech would be the least helpful in terms of increasing self-regulatory resources, as it would require additional mental energy and may cause stress and distraction. Eating regular meals, avoiding mentally draining activities, and drinking a regular soda would all help maintain mental energy levels and improve focus.

Question 18

When people make an upward social comparison, they are comparing themselves to

Accepted Answer

When people make an upward social comparison, they compare themselves with someone who is better than they are.

Question 19

In a recent study, participants who drank ________ tended to exert better self-control than those who drank ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a recent study, participants who drank...

Question 20

One of the chief executive functions of the ________ is making choices about what to do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the chief executive functions of...

Quiz 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context