Question 1

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple with the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their first child will develop cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

With the genotype Ff, the couple is heterozygous, meaning they carry one copy of the recessive allele f. The chance of passing on this allele to their child is 50%. Therefore, there is a 25% chance that their first child will inherit two copies of the recessive allele f and develop cystic fibrosis.

Question 2

Gregor Mendel's genetic research

Accepted Answer

Mendel's work went largely unnoticed and unappreciated during his lifetime. It wasn't until several decades after his death that his research was rediscovered, recognized, and became the foundation for modern genetics.

Question 3

In humans, heterozygotes are referred to as ________, particularly when the recessive allele is associated with a genetic disease.

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes who carry a recessive allele for a genetic disease are called carriers. They do not express the disease but have the potential to pass it on to their offspring if they mate with another carrier or a homozygous recessive individual.

Question 4

In a certain plant species, thick-shelled seeds are caused by the dominant allele T, while thin-shelled seeds are caused by the recessive allele t. Consider an individual plant that has thin-shelled seeds. What is the genotype of this individual?

Accepted Answer

If the individual plant has thin-shelled seeds, it must have two copies of the recessive allele (tt) as it is the only allele that can produce the thin-shelled phenotype.

Question 5

If you're interested in studying one gene within a human, and each gene has two alleles, then the Punnett square that you would use to predict the inheritance of the alleles would contain how many total boxes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you're interested in studying one gene...

Question 6

A mutation in a gene

Accepted Answer

A mutation in a gene can result in three outcomes: no effect, a nonfunctional protein, or a protein with a new function. It is not always true that a mutation will result in a change in the phenotype of an organism. Therefore, the best choice is A, because it covers the possibility of a mutation having no effect on the protein encoded by the gene.

Question 7

If a certain recessive allele can cause a change in cellular proteins that ultimately leads to circulatory problems and premature death, then

Accepted Answer

individuals who are heterozygous for the allele will have at least one copy of the normal version of the protein, which may be enough to prevent or delay the onset of the circulatory problems associated with the recessive allele. Homozygous individuals for the recessive allele will only produce the abnormal protein, leading to greater risk for circulatory problems and premature death. Therefore, heterozygous individuals will have an advantage over homozygous recessive individuals.

Question 8

CFTR/CFTR-$\Delta$F508 refers to the

Accepted Answer

CFTR/CFTR-$\Delta$F508 refers to a heterozygous genotype where one allele is normal (CFTR) and the other is the $\Delta$F508 mutation, indicating a carrier of cystic fibrosis.

Question 9

Combined, your parents could have produced as many as ________ different types of children, genetically speaking.

Accepted Answer

Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes to their offspring, resulting in 2^23 possible combinations. When those possibilities are multiplied by the possibilities from the other parent, it results in 2^23 x 2^23, which is equal to 2^46 or approximately 64 trillion. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer.

Question 10

Homologous chromosomes

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes generally contain the same genes, but they may have different alleles. They are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have the same gene sequence.

Question 11

Which of the following situations most likely describes a recessive genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

In a recessive genetic disorder, an individual must inherit two copies of the mutant allele (one from each parent) to express the disorder phenotype. If the mutant allele encodes a completely nonfunctional protein, the individual will only express the disorder phenotype if they inherit two copies of the mutant allele. This is characteristic of a recessive genetic disorder. Choices B, C, and D describe situations where the mutant allele may have dominant properties, meaning that the individual only needs to inherit one copy of the mutant allele to express the disorder phenotype.

Question 12

Which of the following would be expected in normal eye cells but not in normal heart cells?

Accepted Answer

Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive receptor protein found in the photoreceptor cells of the retina in the eye, not in heart cells.

Question 13

DNA is often likened to an instruction manual. According to this analogy, the typographical errors that would inevitably result when the DNA "manual" is transcribed would be similar to

Accepted Answer

The analogy of DNA as an instruction manual implies that the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the traits or characteristics of an organism. However, mistakes or errors can occur during DNA replication, resulting in changes to the genetic code. These changes, referred to as mutations, can have varying effects on the resulting proteins and can even lead to genetic disorders or diseases. Therefore, mutations are the most appropriate choice for this analogy.

Question 14

A typical recessive allele codes for a

Accepted Answer

A recessive allele typically codes for a nonfunctional protein, meaning that the protein it produces does not function normally or cannot be produced at all. This is why an individual must inherit two copies of the recessive allele to express the trait associated with it. A lethal protein would be one that causes the death of the organism, so this would not be a typical scenario for a recessive allele. A functional protein would not be a recessive allele, as it would produce a trait that could be expressed with just one copy of the allele. A mutant protein could be either functional or nonfunctional and does not necessarily relate to whether an allele is dominant or recessive.

Question 15

A heterozygous organism

Accepted Answer

A heterozygous organism has two different alleles of a gene, meaning one is dominant and one is recessive. Therefore, it may not always show a recessive trait because the dominant allele may mask it. Heterozygotes are able to produce gametes.

Question 16

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple with the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their second child will develop cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

The chance that their second child will develop cystic fibrosis is 25% because both parents are carriers (Ff), and the possible genotypes for their children are FF, Ff, Ff, and ff. Only the ff genotype results in cystic fibrosis.

Question 17

A dominant genetic disorder occurs when

Accepted Answer

A dominant genetic disorder occurs when either one or both alleles of the gene are mutant.

Question 18

-How many different types of offspring (genotypes)are possible as a result of this cross, according to the Punnett square?

Accepted Answer

The Punnett square shows that there are three possible genotypes: AA, Aa, and aa.

Question 19

Because of the law of independent assortment,

Accepted Answer

The law of independent assortment states that during meiosis, the segregation of alleles for one gene is independent of the segregation of alleles for other genes. This means that the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene. As a result, two typical siblings will have about 50% of their alleles in common because they inherit half of their alleles from each parent, and the alleles segregate independently during meiosis.

Question 20

Fraternal twins are also referred to as

Accepted Answer

Fraternal twins are the result of two separate eggs being fertilized by two separate sperm. Therefore, they are also called dizygotic twins. Identical twins, on the other hand, come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos, so they are called monozygotic twins. Heterozygous refers to individuals who have different versions of a particular gene on their two paired chromosomes, and is not directly related to twin types.

Quiz 7: Are You Only as Smart as Your Genes? Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple with the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their first child will develop cystic fibrosis?

Gregor Mendel's genetic research

In humans, heterozygotes are referred to as ________, particularly when the recessive allele is associated with a genetic disease.

In a certain plant species, thick-shelled seeds are caused by the dominant allele T, while thin-shelled seeds are caused by the recessive allele t. Consider an individual plant that has thin-shelled seeds. What is the genotype of this individual?

If you're interested in studying one gene within a human, and each gene has two alleles, then the Punnett square that you would use to predict the inheritance of the alleles would contain how many total boxes?

A mutation in a gene

If a certain recessive allele can cause a change in cellular proteins that ultimately leads to circulatory problems and premature death, then

CFTR/CFTR- $\Delta$ F508 refers to the

Combined, your parents could have produced as many as ________ different types of children, genetically speaking.

Homologous chromosomes

Which of the following situations most likely describes a recessive genetic disorder?

Which of the following would be expected in normal eye cells but not in normal heart cells?

DNA is often likened to an instruction manual. According to this analogy, the typographical errors that would inevitably result when the DNA "manual" is transcribed would be similar to

A typical recessive allele codes for a

A heterozygous organism

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple with the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their second child will develop cystic fibrosis?

A dominant genetic disorder occurs when

-How many different types of offspring (genotypes) are possible as a result of this cross, according to the Punnett square?

Because of the law of independent assortment,

Fraternal twins are also referred to as

Quiz 7: Are You Only as Smart as Your Genes? Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple with the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their first child will develop cystic fibrosis?

Gregor Mendel's genetic research

In humans, heterozygotes are referred to as ________, particularly when the recessive allele is associated with a genetic disease.

In a certain plant species, thick-shelled seeds are caused by the dominant allele T, while thin-shelled seeds are caused by the recessive allele t. Consider an individual plant that has thin-shelled seeds. What is the genotype of this individual?

If you're interested in studying one gene within a human, and each gene has two alleles, then the Punnett square that you would use to predict the inheritance of the alleles would contain how many total boxes?

A mutation in a gene

If a certain recessive allele can cause a change in cellular proteins that ultimately leads to circulatory problems and premature death, then

CFTR/CFTR- Δ\DeltaΔ F508 refers to the

Combined, your parents could have produced as many as ________ different types of children, genetically speaking.

Homologous chromosomes

Which of the following situations most likely describes a recessive genetic disorder?

Which of the following would be expected in normal eye cells but not in normal heart cells?

DNA is often likened to an instruction manual. According to this analogy, the typographical errors that would inevitably result when the DNA "manual" is transcribed would be similar to

A typical recessive allele codes for a

A heterozygous organism

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple with the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their second child will develop cystic fibrosis?

A dominant genetic disorder occurs when

-How many different types of offspring (genotypes) are possible as a result of this cross, according to the Punnett square?

Because of the law of independent assortment,

Fraternal twins are also referred to as

CFTR/CFTR- $\Delta$ F508 refers to the