Question 1

How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy?

Accepted Answer

The decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s had a significant impact on the global economy. It led to an increase in demand for silver, which in turn caused the value of silver around the world to increase. This led to an influx of silver into Europe, which contributed to the development of the global economy and the rise of capitalism. As a result, the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver played an important role in shaping the development of the modern world economy.

Question 2

Which of the following was a result of the fur trade in North America in the early modern period?

Accepted Answer

The fur trade in North America led to the dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods because they often traded furs for items such as guns, blankets, and alcohol. This dependency disrupted traditional Native American economies and ways of life. While Native Americans were sometimes enslaved by Europeans, this was not a widespread practice in the fur trade. The removal of Native Americans to reservations did not occur until much later in history, and the fur trade in North America was not monopolized by Russian hunters and trappers, as they mostly focused on the fur trade in Siberia.

Question 3

The emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production in the sixteenth century contributed to

Accepted Answer

The emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production in the sixteenth century led to an influx of wealth and contributed to the end of civil war in Japan. The unification of Japan paved the way for the country's rise as a powerful empire in the seventeenth century. A and B are incorrect because the emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production did not lead to wars with Spain and was not the direct cause of a population explosion and ecological crisis. D is incorrect because Japan's rise as an empire in the seventeenth century was a result of factors beyond the emergence of silver production.

Question 4

Which of the following was an incentive for the Portuguese to find a direct sea route to Asia?

Accepted Answer

The Portuguese were seeking to bypass the monopoly on the trade in Eastern goods held by Muslim and Venetian traders. They wanted to gain access to these goods themselves and profit from their trade.

Question 5

How did the Tokugawa shoguns treat Europeans in Japan in the seventeenth century?

Accepted Answer

The Tokugawa shoguns expelled all Europeans except the Dutch, who were allowed to trade at a single site in Dejima. This was due to the increasing influence and interference of European powers in Japan, as well as their attempts to spread Christianity. The shoguns saw this as a threat to their power and therefore restricted European access to Japan.

Question 6

The number of slaves shipped from Africa to the Americas peaked in the

Accepted Answer

The peak in the number of slaves shipped from Africa to the Americas occurred in the 1700s. This was due to the increasing demand for labor in the American colonies, particularly in industries such as sugar and tobacco production. It is estimated that between 10 and 12 million Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas as part of the transatlantic slave trade.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of the West African slave trade?

Accepted Answer

European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites. They did not venture deep into the interior of Africa to seize slaves. African rulers and elites often participated in the slave trade and profited from it. Europeans did not possess immunities to African diseases, in fact they were more susceptible to them.

Question 8

In what way was the Spanish colonization of the Philippines different from the Portuguese strongholds in the Indian Ocean basin?

Accepted Answer

The Spanish focused heavily on converting Filipinos to Christianity, while the Portuguese were more likely to blend into local populations and not attempt to convert them. This cultural and religious difference was a major factor in how the two empires interacted with the peoples they came into contact with.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of slavery in the premodern Islamic world?

Accepted Answer

Slaves in the premodern Islamic world could indeed rise to significant positions of power and influence, particularly in military and administrative roles. Examples include the Mamluks in Egypt and the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire.

Question 10

The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in

Accepted Answer

The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in silver, particularly through the Spanish acquisition of silver from mines in Bolivia and Mexico, which was then traded for goods in Asia, especially China.

Question 11

Which of the following describes a feature of commerce in the Indian Ocean basin when Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498?

Accepted Answer

Small-scale merchants traded openly in the Indian Ocean basin, with long-standing trade networks established between the east coast of Africa, the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia. While piracy was a concern, merchant ships were typically not heavily armed and there was no dominant power regulating trade in the region at the time.

Question 12

Which of the following describes the Japanese government's treatment of Japanese merchants operating in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century?

Accepted Answer

The Japanese government, during the Tokugawa shogunate, largely disavowed responsibility for Japanese merchants operating abroad, focusing instead on domestic affairs and maintaining isolationist policies.

Question 13

Which describes the role that Europeans played in the economy of the early modern era?

Accepted Answer

Europeans played the role of middlemen by funneling American silver to Asia in exchange for valuable goods such as silk and spices. This was known as the silver trade and helped to fuel the global economy during the early modern era. While Europeans did control some markets in the East, they did not establish a new international system of trade or dominate the global trade in textiles, tea, and porcelain.

Question 14

Which of the following describes a feature of the North American,but not the Russian,fur trade in the early modern period?

Accepted Answer

In the North American fur trade, competition among European traders (French, British, Dutch) led to a system where furs were often obtained through commercial negotiations with Indigenous peoples, contrasting with the Russian fur trade, which was more directly controlled by the state and involved less negotiation with local populations.

Question 15

Which of the following was established as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The Philippines was established as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century, specifically in 1565 by Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi.

Question 16

Map 14.4 in the textbook shows that the most common destination(s)in the Americas for West African slaves was(were)

Accepted Answer

Map 14.4 shows that the majority of West African slaves were taken to the Caribbean and Brazil, with smaller numbers going to other parts of the Americas. Therefore, the best choice is B, the Caribbean and Brazil.

Question 17

Which of the following describes an effect of the European presence in the Indian Ocean on existing Asian commercial networks?

Accepted Answer

The European presence in the Indian Ocean did not completely destroy existing Asian commercial networks. Instead, the Europeans created a new network that competed with the existing ones, but did not completely dominate them.

Question 18

Which of the following distinguished the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas from past instances of slavery in world history?

Accepted Answer

The Atlantic slave trade in the Americas was distinguished from past instances of slavery in world history because slave status was associated with race, as slaves were predominantly of African descent.

Question 19

Which of the following describes a difference between how the British East India Company operated in Mughal India and how the Dutch East India Company operated in Indonesia in the seventeenth century?

Accepted Answer

The British East India Company negotiated treaties with local Indian rulers to gain control and operate in Mughal India, while the Dutch East India Company established control through conquest and colonization in Indonesia.

Question 20

Which of the following characterizes how European countries sought to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750?

Accepted Answer

European powers sought to control trade in Asia through force of arms and conquest, as seen in Portugal's control of trade along the Indian Ocean and the Dutch East India Company's establishment of a monopoly over trade in Southeast Asia. Economic competition and the establishment of diplomatic relations also played a role, but were not the primary means of control. The ending of China's tribute system was a result of foreign powers exerting their influence, rather than a means of control.

Quiz 15: C: Economic Transformations Commerce and Consequence 1450-1750