Question 1

Cheri doesn't remember that she got sick after eating oatmeal on several occasions in early childhood. However, whenever she smells oatmeal she experiences a classically conditioned feeling of nausea. Cheri's conditioned reaction indicates that she retains a(n) ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Cheri's conditioned reaction indicates that she has retained an implicit memory, which is an unconscious memory formed through repeated experiences that influence behavior and emotions without conscious awareness.

Question 2

A good night's sleep improves recall of the previous day's events by facilitating the transfer of memories from the

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for the consolidation and storage of memories, and during sleep, there is a transfer of memories from the hippocampus to the cerebral cortex for long-term storage. Therefore, a good night's sleep improves recall of the previous day's events by facilitating the transfer of memories from the hippocampus to the cerebral cortex.

Question 3

Which of the following has been suggested as an explanation for infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is one of the last brain structures to mature and is critical for the formation of long-term memories. Therefore, its immaturity during early infancy has been suggested as an explanation for infantile amnesia.

Question 4

A lack of conscious memories of your first three years of life best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The lack of conscious memories of the first three years of life is referred to as infantile amnesia. This occurs due to an underdeveloped hippocampus which is responsible for forming and storing long-term memories.

Question 5

Chickadees and other birds who store food in hundreds of places cannot remember the food storage locations months later if their ________ has been removed.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for spatial memory and navigation, so if it is removed, birds such as chickadees will not be able to remember the locations of their food storage. The other brain structures listed, such as the amygdala and cerebellum, are not specifically linked to spatial memory or navigation.

Question 6

Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is associated with implicit memory, which involves skills and conditioned responses, while the hippocampus is associated with explicit memory, which involves facts and events.

Question 7

Damage to the hippocampus would most likely interfere with a person's ability to learn

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the consolidation and retrieval of declarative memory, which includes facts and events. Learning and remembering the names of newly introduced people would fall under this category of memory. A person with damage to their hippocampus may struggle with forming new memories or recalling previously learned information, making it difficult to remember the names of newly introduced people.

Question 8

Removing a rat's hippocampus 48 hours after it learns the location of some tasty food does not prevent it from forming a long-term memory of where the food is located. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The fact that the rat can still form a long-term memory of the food location after the hippocampus is removed suggests that memory consolidation has already occurred. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the consolidation of short-term memories into long-term ones. Therefore, the importance of memory consolidation is best illustrated here.

Question 9

After recovering from a stroke, Farina was able to learn how to hit a tennis ball. She is unable, however, to learn and remember the name of the rehabilitation therapist who has been working with her each day to develop her tennis swing. Farina is most likely to have suffered damage to her

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is involved in the formation and retrieval of new memories. Farina's inability to remember the name of her therapist suggests damage to this area of her brain. The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination, but not memory. The hypothalamus is involved in regulating many bodily functions, but is not typically involved in memory. The basal ganglia are primarily involved in motor control and habit formation, but not memory.

Question 10

The basal ganglia facilitate the processing of

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia are involved in the formation and retrieval of procedural memories, which are memories for how to perform specific tasks or skills. They do not have a significant role in other types of memories such as explicit memories (memories of facts and events), echoic memories (sensory memories of sound), or flashbulb memories (vivid and emotionally charged memories of a specific event).

Question 11

Procedural memories for well-learned skills such as how to ride a bicycle are typically ________ memories.

Accepted Answer

Procedural memories, such as how to ride a bicycle, are a type of implicit memory, which refers to memories that are not consciously aware of but can still influence behavior. Working memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information, sensory memory refers to very brief storage of sensory information, and flashbulb memory refers to a vivid and long-lasting memory of a significant event.

Question 12

Retention of skills and classically conditioned associations without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory refers to the unconscious retention of skills, habits, and classically conditioned associations without conscious recollection. State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where memory retrieval is improved when the individual is in the same physiological or emotional state as they were during encoding. Flashbulb memory refers to the vivid and detailed memories of significant events that trigger strong emotional reactions. Short-term memory is a temporary storage system for recent information that can last from seconds to minutes.

Question 13

A conscious memory of the name of the first president of the United States is a(n) ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, is the type of memory that involves conscious recollection of information, such as facts or events. The name of the first president of the United States is an example of explicit memory. Iconic memory refers to a very brief and fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli, procedural memory involves knowing how to do things or perform skills, and state-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon of better memory retrieval when a person's internal state at the time of encoding and retrieval are the same.

Question 14

Cortex areas surrounding the hippocampus and supporting the processing and storing of explicit memories are located in the

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobe contains several cortical areas that play a crucial role in processing and storing explicit memories, including the hippocampus and its surrounding cortex.

Question 15

Which neural center in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is the neural center in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. This region of the brain is particularly important for forming and retrieving new memories.

Question 16

Remembering how to solve a puzzle without any conscious recollection that you can do so best illustrates ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question refers to implicit memory, which is sometimes also referred to as non-declarative memory. Implicit memory is formed through experience and is an unconscious or automatic form of memory.

Question 17

Which part of the brain plays a key role in forming and storing the implicit memories created by classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum plays a key role in forming and storing the implicit memories created by classical conditioning. It is responsible for coordinating movement, but also plays a role in non-motor functions such as forming and storing procedural memories.

Question 18

Explicit memory is also known as

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory refers to the conscious, intentional recollection of past events, facts or experiences, which can be verbally articulated. This type of memory is also known as declarative memory. Procedural memory (A) refers to the memory of how to perform specific motor or cognitive tasks and typically operates at an unconscious or automatic level. Context-dependent memory (B) is the phenomenon that occurs when the recall of information is improved in the same environmental or contextual setting in which it was learned. Mood-congruent memory (D) refers to the tendency to better recall information that is congruent with one's current mood or emotional state.

Question 19

Rabbits fail to learn a conditioned eyeblink response when the function of different pathways in their ________ is surgically disrupted.

Accepted Answer

The conditioned eyeblink response is a form of classical conditioning that involves the cerebellum. Therefore, if different pathways in the cerebellum are disrupted, the rabbits will fail to learn the response.

Question 20

Damage to the ________ is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of newly learned verbal information. Damage to the ________ is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of newly learned visual designs.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is involved in the formation and retrieval of explicit memories, and research suggests that the left hippocampus is more specialized for verbal information while the right hippocampus is more specialized for visual information. Therefore, damage to the left hippocampus would most likely interfere with explicit memories of newly learned verbal information, while damage to the right hippocampus would most likely interfere with explicit memories of newly learned visual designs.

Quiz 24: Storage- Retaining Information in the Brain