Question 1

Research evidence indicates that prosocial models

Accepted Answer

Research evidence indicates that prosocial models presented on television, such as in children's programming, can promote altruistic behavior in child observers. These models can have a positive impact on how children treat others and can lead to more helpful and kind behavior.

Question 2

In the experimental studies of bystander non-intervention, researchers have

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the experimental studies of bystander non-intervention,...

Question 3

In a study by Latané and Rodin, a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. What percentage of participants who were alone offered help?

Accepted Answer

70% of participants who were alone offered help, demonstrating the bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to offer help when other potential helpers are present.

Question 4

Which of the following factors is likely to increase helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The presence of others who offer help is likely to increase helping behavior due to the social norms that promote prosocial behavior and the diffusion of responsibility that occurs when multiple people are present.

Question 5

Takooshian and Bodinger (1982) staged hundreds of car burglaries in 18 cities. They found that fewer than 1 in 10 passers-by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Takooshian and Bodinger (1982) staged hundreds of...

Question 6

Marcus falls down and hurts his ankle on a busy city street. In which of the following locations, according to research by Levine, is he most likely to be helped?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marcus falls down and hurts his ankle...

Question 7

In an enactment of the Good Samaritan situation, Darley and Batson studied the helpfulness of Princeton seminarians in order to assess whether helping behaviour is influenced by

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an enactment of the Good Samaritan...

Question 8

Which of the following seem to contribute to the fact that people in bigger, more densely populated cities are less likely to help?

Accepted Answer

All three factors, compassion fatigue, diffusion of responsibility, and sensory overload, can lead to decreased helping behavior in bigger, more densely populated cities. Compassion fatigue refers to the emotional exhaustion that can occur from constantly encountering and feeling overwhelmed by the needs of others. Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals feel less personal responsibility to help in a crowded area because they assume someone else will step in. Sensory overload from encountering so many people in need can also create a feeling of overwhelm and reduce the likelihood of helping.

Question 9

To compare helping in different cities and cultures, Levine and his colleagues would accidentally drop a pen, drop magazines while limping with an apparently injured leg, or feign blindness when approaching an intersection as the light turned green. Those dropping a pen in ___________ were, for example, four times more likely to be helped than those doing so in New York City.

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention any specific preference or comparison with Kuala Lumpur or Romania. However, it clearly states that those dropping a pen in Rio de Janeiro were four times more likely to be helped than those doing so in New York City. Therefore, the correct choice is C) Rio de Janeiro.

Question 10

Latané and Darley had university students complete questionnaires in a small room and then had smoke poured into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working ___________ tended to notice the smoke _____________.

Accepted Answer

Latané and Darley found that students who were working alone tended to notice the smoke in less than five seconds, whereas those working in groups were slower to notice (taking up to double the amount of time).

Question 11

When Irving Piliavin and his colleagues staged an emergency-a staggering, collapsing man-on 103 subway trips, they found that the victim was promptly offered assistance almost every time, even when he appeared to be drunk rather than disabled. Further research seems to confirm that bystander helpfulness was due to

Accepted Answer

The prompt assistance offered by bystanders in the staged emergency situation can be attributed to the fact that the situation was unambiguous. In other words, the observers could easily recognize that the person was in need of help, regardless of whether he appeared to be disabled or drunk. This suggests that the clear and obvious nature of the emergency situation prompted more people to offer assistance.

Question 12

Interviews with participants in studies of bystander intervention reveal that

Accepted Answer

People are typically unaware of the influence of others on their decision to help, as the bystander effect often occurs subconsciously.

Question 13

According to Darley and Latané, even if people notice an event that they realize to be an emergency, _______________ in the presence of other bystanders can inhibit helping.

Accepted Answer

According to Darley and Latané's bystander intervention model, the presence of other bystanders can create a diffusion of responsibility, leading individuals to feel less personally responsible for taking action in an emergency situation. This can inhibit helping behavior, as no single bystander feels a strong personal obligation to intervene.

Question 14

Lydia lives in Toronto, and constantly sees people "in need" when she walks to and from work. She doesn't often help anyone anymore, as there are just too many people that "need" something. Lydia is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Lydia is most likely experiencing compassion fatigue and sensory overload because she is exposed to so many people in need on a regular basis that it becomes overwhelming, leading her to feel less inclined to help. Compassion fatigue occurs when continuous exposure to the suffering of others leads to a diminished capacity to empathize or assist, while sensory overload refers to the overwhelming of one's senses by the environment, in this case, the constant presence of people in need.

Question 15

In staging physical fights between a man and a woman, Shotland and Straw found that bystanders intervened only 19 percent of the time when the woman shouted,

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B) "Get away from me, I don't know why I ever married you!" because this statement implies a personal relationship between the individuals, which may lead bystanders to interpret the situation as a private matter rather than a clear-cut case of aggression or assault, thus making them less likely to intervene.

Question 16

About 15 people are waiting at a bus stop after dark. Flames suddenly begin to shoot out the window of a house across the street. Someone instantly calls the fire department while several other people run across the street to alert those in the house. Why did the bystander effect not occur in this situation?

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect occurs when individuals are less likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present. In this case, several people ran across the street to alert those in the house, indicating that the bystander effect did not occur. The fact that it was after dark or that people were afraid of fire is not necessarily relevant to the occurrence of the bystander effect. However, the fact that the situation was clearly an emergency likely played a role in motivating individuals to take action.

Question 17

Bystanders will inhibit helping most under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Under all of these conditions, bystanders are more likely to feel a diffusion of responsibility and be less likely to help in an emergency. When the emergency is ambiguous, it may not be clear whether help is needed or who should take action. When other bystanders are strangers, individuals may feel less responsibility to help and assume that someone else will take action. When bystanders cannot readily read one another’s reactions, individuals may become uncertain about how to act and look to others for guidance.

Question 18

Illusion of transparency is

Accepted Answer

The illusion of transparency refers to the tendency to overestimate others' ability to "read" our internal states, such as emotions or thoughts. This can lead to a belief that others can easily perceive our true feelings or opinions, even when we are not expressing them explicitly.

Question 19

Darley and Latané set up an experiment in which participants listening over headphones heard another participant suffering a seizure and crying for help. Of participants who believed there were _____ other witnesses, _____ sought to help the victim.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Darley and Latané set up an experiment...

Question 20

The finding that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

Accepted Answer

The finding that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called the bystander effect. This phenomenon occurs because individuals assume that someone else will take the responsibility of helping, leading to a diffusion of responsibility.

Quiz 9: Aggression: Hurting Others