Question 1

Many bilingual individuals report that they ___________ depending on which language they use.

Accepted Answer

Many bilingual individuals report experiencing a different sense of self when using different languages, as language can influence identity and self-perception.

Question 2

What difference between Canada and the United States demonstrates the increased value that Canadian's place on multiculturalism?

Accepted Answer

Canada places a high value on bilingualism and multilingualism, as demonstrated by its official bilingualism policy, which recognizes both English and French as official languages. This emphasis on language diversity reflects a broader commitment to multiculturalism, which is not as strongly emphasized in American policy and politics.

Question 3

Identifying with both the ethnic culture and the larger culture is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

Identifying with both the ethnic culture and the larger culture is called bicultural identity. The individual is able to navigate and integrate both cultures into their identity.

Question 4

Adams (2005) examined how people understood enemies in North America and West Africa. He found that

Accepted Answer

In North America, people generally hold a dichotomous view where friends and enemies are distinct categories, so they typically do not consider that friends could also be enemies.

Question 5

Worchel and associates found that hostility decreased only when cooperation was ______________, and that hostility can worsen when __________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Worchel and associates found that hostility decreased...

Question 6

People who speak more than one language

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people who speak multiple languages can think and process information differently in each language, depending on the cultural background and vocabulary of each language. This is known as linguistic relativity or the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Question 7

Duncan moved to Canada from Scotland, and has affirmed his identity as both a Canadian and a Scottish man. He has a strong positive self-concept and embraces both cultures. His ethnic and cultural identity would be classified as

Accepted Answer

Duncan identifies with both his Scottish and Canadian cultures equally, indicating that he has a bicultural identity. He has not assimilated to either culture completely, nor has he separated himself from one culture in favor of the other. Marginal identity would suggest that he does not strongly identify with either culture, which is not the case for Duncan.

Question 8

Canadian culture emphasizes __________________ whereas the United States places more of an emphasis on ___________________.

Accepted Answer

Canadian culture's emphasis on multiculturalism is reflected in their policies and programs that promote diversity, equality, and the recognition of different cultures, languages, and traditions. On the other hand, the United States has a history of assimilation, a process of integrating immigrants and minorities into the dominant culture, which has been challenged and criticized by advocates of cultural diversity. Therefore, the best choice is C, which accurately reflects the different values and priorities of the two countries regarding cultural identity and inclusion.

Question 9

When taken to an extreme, group pride becomes

Accepted Answer

When group pride is taken to an extreme, it can result in destructive tribalism, which can lead to exclusion, bigotry, and violence against those outside the group. This can be seen in conflicts between different religions, ethnicities, and political groups.

Question 10

According to research, people from ______________ cultures are more likely to develop a style of relationship that accommodates for the other's needs in a relationship, whereas people from ______________ cultures are more likely to develop a style of relationship that emphasizes meeting one's own needs in a relationship.

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultures prioritize group harmony and accommodating others' needs, while individualistic cultures focus on personal goals and self-needs.

Question 11

Ross and colleagues, in their study of the role of language in establishing one's sense of self, found that Chinese students describe themselves

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ross and colleagues, in their study of...

Question 12

In their meta-analysis, Tropp and Pettigrew demonstrated that majority group attitudes towards minorities were influenced by contact between groups. In particular, most studies indicated that

Accepted Answer

Tropp and Pettigrew's meta-analysis found that increased contact between majority and minority groups predicts decreased prejudice towards the minority group.

Question 13

In Sherif's classic Robber's Cave experiment, boys were divided into two groups (the Eagles and the Rattlers) and they began to strongly dislike each other during a series of group competitions. In order to reduce the group tension that had developed between them, Sherif stopped the competitive activities and fostered non-competitive group activities (e.g., watching movies together). Sherif found that

Accepted Answer

Sherif found that mere increased contact between the groups did not decrease hostility; it was only when they worked together towards common goals that tensions were reduced.

Question 14

A shared goal that necessitates cooperative effort and overrides people's differences from one another is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A superordinate goal refers to a shared goal that cannot be achieved by any single group alone and requires the cooperation and coordination of multiple groups. This type of goal overrides differences between groups and promotes intergroup cooperation and collaboration.

Question 15

Tara moved to Canada from Germany, but doesn't really identify with European traditions or the broader new Canadian culture and doesn't have a high self-esteem. Her ethnic and cultural identity would be classified as

Accepted Answer

Tara's description fits the definition of a marginal identity, as she does not strongly identify with either her original culture or the dominant culture of her new country. Additionally, her low self-esteem may contribute to feelings of disconnect and isolation from both cultures.

Question 16

Allport's belief that contact between members of groups in conflict would lead to friendlier relations and a reduction in prejudiced attitudes was called

Accepted Answer

Allport's belief that contact between members of groups in conflict would lead to friendlier relations and a reduction in prejudiced attitudes was called the contact hypothesis.

Question 17

When Sherif created situations in which the warring groups of the Eagles and the Rattlers had to cooperate to solve a problem with the water supply at the camp, he found that

Accepted Answer

Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment found that when the warring groups had to cooperate to solve a common problem, it decreased hostility between them. This is known as the "superordinate goal" theory, where a common goal can bring people together and reduce intergroup conflict.

Question 18

Several research studies have confirmed that competition ______________ hostility and cooperation ____________ hostility.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that competition increases hostility as individuals strive to outdo one another, leading to aggression and negative emotions. On the other hand, cooperation decreases hostility as it fosters positive relationships and teamwork, which can help reduce conflict and promote harmony.

Question 19

Monteray moved to Canada from Finland, and has completely embraced the new Canadian culture and abandoned his Finish upbringing. His ethnic and cultural identity would be classified as

Accepted Answer

Monteray has completely embraced the new Canadian culture and abandoned his Finnish upbringing, indicating assimilation into the dominant culture.

Question 20

"Language itself shapes a man's basic ideas." With this statement, Benjamin Lee Whorf means

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Lee Whorf believed that language shapes our perception of reality and influences our thoughts and behaviors. In other words, our basic ideas and beliefs are influenced by the language we use to describe the world around us. This idea is known as linguistic relativity. Whorf did not believe that language completely determines our thoughts, but rather that it has a significant impact on shaping them.

Quiz 8: Altruism: Helping Others