Question 1

The ascending auditory pathway goes directly from Type I auditory nerve fibers to
A)the contralateral cochlear nucleus.
B)the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus.
C)the contralateral inferior colliculus.

Accepted Answer

The ascending auditory pathway starts at the Type I auditory nerve fibers, which synapse onto neurons in the cochlear nucleus. There are two cochlear nuclei – one on the ipsilateral side and one on the contralateral side. The ascending pathway continues on the ipsilateral side, and then crosses over to the contralateral side at the level of the superior olivary complex. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as the Type I auditory nerve fibers synapse onto neurons in the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus.

Question 2

Which of the following could be considered examples of sensory substitution devices: (1)thermometer, (2)toaster, (3)oscilloscope, (4)beep of a car going backward, (5)escalator, (6)musical score? And what senses are being substituted?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following could be considered...

Question 3

Perhaps you have seen video of a blind person riding a bicycle down a town street.What audi- tory information could a blind bicyclist use to safely negotiate around other vehicles and station- ary objects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Perhaps you have seen video of a...

Question 4

An acoustic shadow is produced by
A)an environmental object.
B)a hard reflective surface.
C)the perceiver's head.

Accepted Answer

An acoustic shadow is produced by the perceiver's head, which blocks sound waves, creating a region of reduced sound intensity on the opposite side.

Question 5

How does diffraction of sound waves explain both the effectiveness of the interaural time difference and the ineffectiveness of the interaural level difference in discerning the azimuth of a low-frequency sound?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does diffraction of sound waves explain...

Question 6

Tonotopic maps in the auditory core regions have shown that
A)the arrangement is similar to the arrangement of characteristic frequencies along the basilar membrane.
B)the arrangement,while systematic,is unrelated to the arrangement of characteristic frequen- cies along the basilar membrane.
C)the arrangement is related to temporal coding but not to place coding along the basilar membrane.

Accepted Answer

Tonotopic maps in the auditory core regions have been found to be arranged based on the characteristic frequencies along the basilar membrane, which is the tonotopic map of the cochlea. This means that neurons in the auditory cortex respond selectively to specific frequencies, just as sensory neurons in the cochlea do. Therefore, the tonotopic map in the auditory cortex is related to the organization of the basilar membrane of the cochlea.

Question 7

Explain this analogy: Auditory scene analysis is like trying to determine the activity on a lake by looking at the waves striking a one-foot-wide section of the shore.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain this analogy: Auditory scene analysis is...

Question 8

Interaural time difference refers to the difference in
A)arrival time for two distinct sounds to reach one ear.
B)arrival time of the same sound to the two ears.
C)location within the cone of confusion.

Accepted Answer

Interaural time difference (ITD) is the difference in the arrival time of the same sound to the two ears. ITD is a cue used by the brain for localizing sounds in the horizontal plane. When a sound is coming from one side, it reaches the closest ear first, creating a slight time difference between the two ears. The brain uses this difference to determine the location of the sound source.

Question 9

The states that the frequency of a sound emitted by a moving sound source is higher in front of the sound source than behind it.
A)Dolby effect
B)Doppler effect
C)von Békésy effect

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of the Doppler effect, which occurs when a sound source is moving towards or away from the observer, causing a perceived shift in frequency. The other choices are incorrect - the Dolby effect is a trademarked term used for a specific type of audio processing, and the von Békésy effect relates to how the ear perceives sounds of different frequencies.

Question 10

The is found in the thalamus.
A)medial geniculate body
B)superior olivary complex
C)inferior colliculus

Accepted Answer

The medial geniculate body is part of the thalamus and is involved in processing auditory information. The superior olivary complex and inferior colliculus are located in the brainstem and are also involved in processing auditory information. However, they are not found in the thalamus.

Question 11

A football helmet completely covers and cushions a player's ears (pinna),save for a small hole that allows sound to enter.How is a player's ability to localize sounds affected by wearing a helmet?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A football helmet completely covers and cushions...

Question 12

What are at least three cues to determining the distance to a source of sound?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are at least three cues to...

Question 13

Structures in the visual system such as the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)and visual cortex are described as having "retinotopic" mapping.What type of mapping is ascribed to structures in the auditory core region? Briefly define this type of mapping.How is this type consistent with functionality of the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Structures in the visual system such as...

Question 14

According to the text,which of the following would be a sensory substitution device (SSD)?
A)reading text for a person with vision
B)touching Braille for the first time by a person with vision
C)echolocation for humans

Accepted Answer

A sensory substitution device (SSD) is a device that replaces one sense with another. In this case, reading text for a person with vision would be an SSD because it replaces the sense of sight with the sense of touch.

Question 15

Sound localization in the side-to-side dimension involves
A)azimuth.
B)elevation.
C)distance.

Accepted Answer

Azimuth refers to the angle between the sound source and the midline of the listener's head in the side-to-side dimension, allowing for localization of sound in this plane. Elevation refers to the angle above or below the listener's head and distance refers to the physical distance between the listener and the sound source.

Question 16

What are "coincidence detectors"? Where are they located and what functionality do they provide?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are "coincidence detectors"? Where are they...

Question 17

Information about the elevation of a sound source comes from the provided by the .
A)spectral shape cue;pinna
B)spectral shape cue;basilar membrane
C)interaural time difference;pinna

Accepted Answer

The elevation of a sound source can be determined by the spectral shape cue, which refers to the modifications to the sound wave as it travels through the folds and ridges of the outer ear, also known as the pinna. Therefore, the correct choice is A. The basilar membrane is not relevant in determining the elevation of a sound source, while the interaural time difference is used for determining the horizontal position of a sound source.

Question 18

When listening to music over a pair of headphones,we sometimes perceive a whole band play- ing before us on stage,e.g. ,guitar to the far left,drums near left,singer in the center,bass to the right.(A)Explain how this effect can be achieved.(B)Explain whether the music can be produced such that it is perceived as coming from behind the listener.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When listening to music over a pair...

Question 19

The "what" pathway for audition includes the core regions,
A)the belt and parabelt regions,and the anterior parts of the temporal cortex.
B)the belt and parabelt regions,the posterior parts of the temporal cortex,and the posterior parietal cortex.
C)the posterior parts of the temporal cortex,and the posterior parietal cortex.

Accepted Answer

The "what" pathway for audition includes the core regions, belt and parabelt regions,and the anterior parts of the temporal cortex. Option A is the only choice that includes these regions. Option B includes the posterior parietal cortex which is not part of the "what" pathway, while option C is incomplete as it only includes the posterior parts of the temporal cortex.

Question 20

A listener can judge when the frequency of two sequential tones rises or falls unless
A)two same-frequency flanker tones are also included.
B)two same-frequency flanker tones and a series of same-frequency captor tones are also included.
C)several same-frequency captor tones are also included.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the "missing fundamental" effect, where the brain can still perceive the rise or fall in frequency even if the actual fundamental frequency is missing or not present. However, if same-frequency flanker tones are also present, they can create a masking effect and make it more difficult for the listener to perceive the change in frequency. Therefore, option A is the best answer as it only includes two sequential tones without any flanking or captor tones.

Quiz 10: The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

The ascending auditory pathway goes directly from Type I auditory nerve fibers to

Which of the following could be considered examples of sensory substitution devices: (1)thermometer, (2)toaster, (3)oscilloscope, (4)beep of a car going backward, (5)escalator, (6)musical score? And what senses are being substituted?

Perhaps you have seen video of a blind person riding a bicycle down a town street.What audi- tory information could a blind bicyclist use to safely negotiate around other vehicles and station- ary objects?

An acoustic shadow is produced by

How does diffraction of sound waves explain both the effectiveness of the interaural time difference and the ineffectiveness of the interaural level difference in discerning the azimuth of a low-frequency sound?

Tonotopic maps in the auditory core regions have shown that

Explain this analogy: Auditory scene analysis is like trying to determine the activity on a lake by looking at the waves striking a one-foot-wide section of the shore.

Interaural time difference refers to the difference in

The states that the frequency of a sound emitted by a moving sound source is higher in front of the sound source than behind it.

The is found in the thalamus.

A football helmet completely covers and cushions a player's ears (pinna),save for a small hole that allows sound to enter.How is a player's ability to localize sounds affected by wearing a helmet?

What are at least three cues to determining the distance to a source of sound?

According to the text,which of the following would be a sensory substitution device (SSD) ?

Sound localization in the side-to-side dimension involves

What are "coincidence detectors"? Where are they located and what functionality do they provide?

Information about the elevation of a sound source comes from the provided by the .

The "what" pathway for audition includes the core regions,

A listener can judge when the frequency of two sequential tones rises or falls unless