Question 1

Most NGOs have grass-roots origins growing out of micro-level endeavors rather than macro-level endeavors.

Accepted Answer

Most NGOs typically start as small local initiatives or community-based organizations before expanding to a larger scale.

Question 2

Roughly how many countries are there in the contemporary world scene?

Accepted Answer

According to the United Nations, there are currently 194 member states in the world.

Question 3

The doctrine of just wars in the Christian tradition has included all of these elements EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of just wars in the Christian tradition includes proportionality, option of last resort, and discrimination between civilians and combatants. However, amnesty is not necessarily a part of this doctrine as it refers to the pardoning of individuals who have committed crimes during a conflict, which is separate from determining whether a war is just or unjust.

Question 4

Nearly 100 wars have been fought during the last 1,000 years of human history.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Throughout the last 1,000 years of human history, far more than 100 wars have been fought.

Question 5

Robert Kennedy was among the "doves" in the Cuban missile crisis.

Accepted Answer

Robert Kennedy was known for his more cautious approach during the Cuban missile crisis and advocated for a peaceful resolution. He was considered one of the "doves" in contrast to the "hawks" who preferred a more aggressive response.

Question 6

The number of MNCs currently is approximately:

Accepted Answer

According to the UNCTAD World Investment Report 2021, there are approximately 10,000 multinational corporations globally.

Question 7

After centuries of bloodshed, the Christian forces ultimately defeated the Muslims decisively in the Crusades.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While the Christian forces made gains in the Crusades, they were ultimately unable to defeat the Muslims decisively and were eventually driven out of the Holy Land.

Question 8

The Thirty Years War was fought largely to resolve the conflict between:

Accepted Answer

The Thirty Years War was primarily fought over the conflict between the Catholic and Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire. This conflict was rooted in the question of whether religious or secular authority had dominance in the Empire. It ultimately resulted in the Peace of Westphalia, which established the principle of state sovereignty and ensured that political authority was separate from religious authority.

Question 9

Non-interference into the affairs of another nation-state is enshrined most importantly in the doctrine of sovereignty.

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of sovereignty is based on the idea that each nation-state has the right to govern itself without interference from external actors. This principle is often enshrined in international law and is considered a fundamental principle of the international system.

Question 10

An economic embargo was attempted in an effort to place pressure on Saddam Hussein when he invaded Kuwait in 1990 prior to a military solution being implemented.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The United Nations imposed an economic embargo on Iraq in August 1990, after Iraq invaded Kuwait. The embargo was intended to pressure Iraq to withdraw its troops from Kuwait peacefully, but ultimately failed to achieve its goal, and a military solution was implemented with the Gulf War in 1991.

Question 11

While President George H.W. Bush presented the 1991 Persian Gulf War as a just war to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation, most scholars have concluded that the allied intervention was motivated more by oil than ethics.

Accepted Answer

Many scholars have argued that the United States was motivated to intervene in the Persian Gulf War primarily by a desire to protect its access to oil in the region, rather than by a commitment to promoting democracy or human rights.

Question 12

Pacifism has never enjoyed prominence in the doctrines of either Judaism or Christianity.

Accepted Answer

Both Judaism and Christianity have had pacifist movements and individuals throughout history, but pacifism has not been a central doctrine or belief in either religion. Both religions have also upheld the concept of "just war" under certain circumstances.

Question 13

The success of the European Union represents a vindication of which theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The success of the European Union represents...

Question 14

Arms control and international law are two:

Accepted Answer

Arms control and international law are often seen as idealist approaches to peace and security, emphasizing the importance of cooperation among states and adherence to agreed-upon norms and rules in order to prevent conflict and promote stability. Realist approaches, by contrast, tend to focus more on issues of power, security, and self-interest, and may be more skeptical of the effectiveness of arms control and international law in achieving sustainable peace. Just war doctrine and collective security action are related concepts but not directly tied to arms control and international law.

Question 15

Which of these feature films was dripping with sardonic irony and sarcasm in its examination of the question of nuclear war?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Strangelove, directed by Stanley Kubrick, was a satirical black comedy that dealt with the sensitive and dire issue of nuclear war. The film was dripping with sardonic irony and sarcasm throughout, making it a standout choice among the options given.

Question 16

With which country did Greenpeace have a long-running feud?

Accepted Answer

Greenpeace had a long-running feud with France, primarily due to France's nuclear testing in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 17

John F. Kennedy's choices in the Cuban missile crisis boiled down to only two realistic ones:

Accepted Answer

John F. Kennedy's realistic options during the Cuban missile crisis were narrowed down to an air strike against the missile sites or a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent further Soviet missiles from arriving. He ultimately chose the blockade, which is historically referred to as a "quarantine" to avoid the legal implications of a blockade, a term associated with a state of war.

Question 18

Which of these types of actors on the world stage has the profit motive as its unambiguous mission?

Accepted Answer

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are profit-driven entities whose ultimate mission is to generate maximum profit for their shareholders. NGOs (A) and IGOs (D) are non-profit organizations focused on humanitarian and political issues, respectively. IFIs (B) are international financial institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which provide loans and aid to developing countries. Poor states (E) refers to low-income or developing countries, which may have a variety of motivations beyond profit, such as economic development and poverty reduction.

Question 19

One megaton in nuclear weapons parlance equates to one thousand tons of TNT equivalency.

Accepted Answer

One megaton in nuclear weapons parlance equates to one million tons of TNT equivalency.

Question 20

International law is meaningless as an influence on the day-to-day operation of states.

Accepted Answer

International law plays a significant role in shaping the behavior of states by providing a framework for international relations, trade, human rights, and conflict resolution, influencing their day-to-day operations and interactions.

Quiz 13: The State Challenged by New Actors