Question 1

The United States' newly-formed universities emphasized all of the following values except:
A) professionalism
B) secularism
C) scientism
D) religiosity

Accepted Answer

The newly-formed universities in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries emphasized professionalism, secularism, and scientism. However, religiosity was not emphasized as these universities were founded on the principles of separating church and state.

Question 2

Dr. John Money may have committed gross errors in handling the case of Bruce Reimer, but Money took responsibility for his mistakes by apologizing publically for them.

Accepted Answer

While Money did admit to making mistakes in his handling of the case, he did not issue a public apology.

Question 3

The Agricultural revolution occurred right around the year 1750.

Accepted Answer

The Agricultural Revolution primarily took place during the 18th century, but its beginnings can be traced back to the early 1600s, making the statement too specific and slightly misleading regarding its start date.

Question 4

The Catholic church's problems over Galileo's scientific discoveries illustrate the limitations of common-sensical thinking in understanding the world around us.

Accepted Answer

The Catholic church initially rejected Galileo's discoveries because they conflicted with their common-sensical understanding of the universe as being geocentric, with Earth at the center. This illustrates the limitations of relying solely on common-sensical thinking when seeking to understand scientific phenomena.

Question 5

When social scientists apply the scientific method, data gathering precedes the research design which in turn precedes the formation of an hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The correct order is that the formation of a hypothesis precedes the research design, which precedes data gathering.

Question 6

In chapter two which is used to support the synthesis approach to a roomy definition of the social sciences, one that includes both social scientism and social humanism?
A) Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpiece called "Fallingwater"
B) the 1960s' twins case
C) the case of Anastasia Romanov
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of In chapter two which is used to...

Question 7

Despite the ferocity of the Crusades, one irony of these bitter struggles was that they allowed the Muslim world to transfer elements of Greek Rationalism which eventually flourished in Europe during the Renaissance.

Accepted Answer

During the Crusades, Europeans had access to the works of Greek philosophers and scholars that had been preserved in Arabic translations by Muslim scholars. These works included those of Aristotle, Plato, Euclid, and Ptolemy. As a result, the Crusades helped to reintroduce these Greek ideas into Europe and eventually led to the growth of the Renaissance.

Question 8

Facts relate most directly to "what-type" questions, while theories relate most directly to "why-type" questions.

Accepted Answer

Facts are statements that are true or can be verified through evidence, while theories are comprehensive explanations for phenomena that are based on evidence and reasoning. Therefore, facts are useful for answering questions about what has occurred or can be observed, while theories are useful for explaining why things happen or how they work.

Question 9

The qualities of verification, system, and generality relate most directly to:
A) science
B) humanism
C) feudalism
D) common sense

Accepted Answer

Verification, system, and generality are key qualities of the scientific process, where hypotheses are tested through observations and experiments, and results are applied to larger systems or general principles. These qualities do not directly relate to humanism, feudalism, or common sense.

Question 10

A social scientist interested in studying public attitudes in the U.S. concerning the issue of abortion would be most likely to use the research design known as:
A) experimental design
B) participant observation
C) content analysis
D) survey research

Accepted Answer

Survey research is the most appropriate research design for studying public attitudes as it allows the social scientist to gather data from a large and geographically diverse sample of the population. It is also less intrusive and more cost-effective compared to other research designs such as experimental design or participant observation. Content analysis may be useful in analyzing media coverage of the abortion issue but may not provide information on public attitudes.

Question 11

Identify the matching of a social science and its area of interest which is INCORRECT.
A) anthropology - individual motivation
B) political science - power and authority
C) sociology - group behavior
D) geography - spatial analysis

Accepted Answer

Anthropology studies culture, social relationships, and human behavior across time and space, not just individual motivation.

Question 12

Despite significant differences in content and method between the various social sciences, they ultimately share a common interest in understanding human behavior.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. While there may be differences in the specific topics and approaches of different social sciences, they are all ultimately concerned with studying and understanding human behavior.

Question 13

The case study known as the "twins case" relating to changing sexual identity shows that:
A) authority figures are not necessarily trustworthy
B) research on the topic of sexual identity was and is) rudimentary at best
C) nature is as crucial in determining human sexual identity as is nurture
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The "twins case" shows that authority figures are not necessarily trustworthy as the psychiatrist who conducted the study was biased and manipulated the results. It also indicates that research on the topic of sexual identity was rudimentary at best at the time of the study. Furthermore, the case highlights the importance of both nature and nurture in determining human sexual identity, as one of the twins identified as homosexual while the other did not, despite being raised in the same environment.

Question 14

Aesthetic appreciation, experiential insight, moral issues, and an interest in values all constitute the stuff of:
A) social humanism
B) social scientism
C) rationalism
D) behaviorism

Accepted Answer

Aesthetic appreciation, experiential insight, moral issues, and an interest in values are all aspects of humanism, which emphasizes the significance of human experience, values, and agency. Social humanism specifically focuses on the relationship between individuals and society, and the ways in which social structures and systems affect human beings. None of the other choices (social scientism, rationalism, behaviorism) specifically address these aspects of humanistic inquiry.

Question 15

Contrasts between social scientism and social humanism include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) quantitative versus qualitative
B) detached versus engaged
C) value-neutral versus value-laden
D) U.S.-based versus European-based
E) objective versus empirical

Accepted Answer

The contrast between social scientism and social humanism does not include "objective versus empirical" as both approaches can be objective and empirical in their methodologies.

Question 16

Which set of disciplines does NOT fit in with the natural sciences?
A) physics, chemistry, biology
B) astronomy, physics, geology
C) geography, astronomy, physics
D) geology, biology, chemistry
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

All the sets of disciplines listed (A-D) fit within the natural sciences, which study the natural world and include fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, and geology. Geography, while sometimes considered a social science, also has aspects that fit within the natural sciences, such as physical geography.

Question 17

Which situation discussed here illustrates the need for critical thinking skills:
A) the ethics of cloning humans
B) the case of Janet Reimer's attempts to help her son Bruce
C) the Catholic church's reaction to Galileo's scientific work
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the situations discussed require critical thinking skills because they involve complex ethical, scientific, and/or religious issues that require thoughtful analysis and evaluation.

Question 18

Name the form of economic system which best characterized the Middle Ages:
A) socialism
B) feudalism
C) capitalism
D) communism
E) anarchism

Accepted Answer

Feudalism was the form of economic system that characterized the Middle Ages, where lords owned vast amounts of land and peasants worked on the land in exchange for protection and resources. The economy was largely agricultural with limited trade and commerce. Socialism, capitalism, communism, and anarchism were not yet developed during this time period.

Question 19

What is known as the Gilded Age in U.S. history came in the early 1900s after viable social sciences had been established.

Accepted Answer

The Gilded Age is typically considered to be the period from the 1870s to the 1890s, before the establishment of social sciences as modern academic disciplines.

Question 20

According to the classification used in this textbook, the modern discipline of history is included with the humanities.

Accepted Answer

The modern discipline of history is considered a part of the humanities, along with other fields such as literature, philosophy, and art.

Quiz 2: Social Science Philosophy and Methods

The United States' newly-formed universities emphasized all of the following values except:

Dr. John Money may have committed gross errors in handling the case of Bruce Reimer, but Money took responsibility for his mistakes by apologizing publically for them.

The Agricultural revolution occurred right around the year 1750.

The Catholic church's problems over Galileo's scientific discoveries illustrate the limitations of common-sensical thinking in understanding the world around us.

When social scientists apply the scientific method, data gathering precedes the research design which in turn precedes the formation of an hypothesis.

In chapter two which is used to support the synthesis approach to a roomy definition of the social sciences, one that includes both social scientism and social humanism?

Despite the ferocity of the Crusades, one irony of these bitter struggles was that they allowed the Muslim world to transfer elements of Greek Rationalism which eventually flourished in Europe during the Renaissance.

Facts relate most directly to "what-type" questions, while theories relate most directly to "why-type" questions.

The qualities of verification, system, and generality relate most directly to:

A social scientist interested in studying public attitudes in the U.S. concerning the issue of abortion would be most likely to use the research design known as:

Identify the matching of a social science and its area of interest which is INCORRECT.

Despite significant differences in content and method between the various social sciences, they ultimately share a common interest in understanding human behavior.

The case study known as the "twins case" relating to changing sexual identity shows that:

Aesthetic appreciation, experiential insight, moral issues, and an interest in values all constitute the stuff of:

Contrasts between social scientism and social humanism include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which set of disciplines does NOT fit in with the natural sciences?

Which situation discussed here illustrates the need for critical thinking skills:

Name the form of economic system which best characterized the Middle Ages:

What is known as the Gilded Age in U.S. history came in the early 1900s after viable social sciences had been established.

According to the classification used in this textbook, the modern discipline of history is included with the humanities.