Differing conduct toward individuals, where the differences are clearly based on the individuals' race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability status is termed as

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Disparate treatment refers to the practice of treating individuals differently based on their protected characteristics such as race, gender, age, and so on. It involves intentional discrimination that violates civil rights laws. Sexual discrimination refers specifically to discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation, while affirmative action and reasonable accommodation are proactive measures aimed at promoting diversity and providing equal opportunities. Reverse discrimination refers to preferential treatment of members of historically underrepresented groups, as a way of remedying past discrimination, but this practice is controversial and not recognized as a legal defense.

Differing Conduct Toward Individuals, Where the Differences Are Clearly Based