Which of the following is not normally considered part of the value chain?

Name: Which of the following is not normally considered part of the value chain?
Brand: Quizplus
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Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Administration is typically considered a support function rather than a direct part of the value chain. The primary activities in the value chain include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. Research and development, purchasing, distribution, and customer service are all parts of the value chain.

Which of the Following Is Not Normally Considered Part of the Value