Question 1

Disorders characterized by impairment in two key areas of development including deficits in social interactions, communication with others, and repetitive patterns of behavior are called
A)chronic developmental disorders.
B)autism spectrum disorder.
C)intellectual development disorder.
D)conduct disorder.

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by deficits in social interactions, communication with others, and repetitive patterns of behavior. Chronic developmental disorders and intellectual development disorder are not specific diagnoses, and conduct disorder is characterized by a pattern of behavior that violates the basic rights of others and societal norms.

Question 2

Mariposa tends to repeat words she hears her mother use.She also tends to reverse her pronouns using you instead of I and also has difficulty intonating pitch and tone.These speech patterns represent
A)aphasia.
B)echolalia.
C)apraxia.
D)dyslexia.

Accepted Answer

Mariposa's tendency to repeat words she hears her mother use is a characteristic of echolalia, which is often seen in children with autism spectrum disorder. The reversal of pronouns and difficulty with pitch and tone are also common language deficits seen in individuals with autism. Aphasias are language disorders usually caused by brain damage, apraxia is a motor planning disorder, and dyslexia is a reading disorder. None of these conditions fully captures Mariposa's speech patterns as described.

Question 3

A key communication issue autistic children experience is the tendency to repeat words they have heard, a condition known as
A)aphasia.
B)echolalia.
C)apraxia.
D)aplasia.

Accepted Answer

The tendency to repeat words or phrases that an individual has heard is known as echolalia. This is a common communication issue experienced by children with autism. Aphasia, apraxia, and aplasia are not typically associated with this behavior.

Question 4

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD):
A)engage in symbolic play with toys.
B)develop the classic symptoms of schizophrenia as adults.
C)often place great importance on routine and rituals.
D)smile, coo, and gaze at their caregivers, just like other infants.

Accepted Answer

Children with ASD often have difficulty with change and thrive on predictability and routine. They may become upset or anxious when their routine is disrupted. This is a common characteristic of ASD.

Question 5

For adults with ADHD, ________ therapy has been shown to be effective.
A)short-term psychoanalysis
B)cognitive-behavioral therapy
C)dialectical behavioral therapy
D)exposure therapy

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective in improving symptoms and functioning in adults with ADHD. This therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, while also teaching new skills and coping strategies for managing ADHD symptoms. While other therapies may be useful in treating comorbid conditions (such as depression or anxiety), cognitive-behavioral therapy specifically targets ADHD symptoms.

Question 6

Some children perform stereotyped and repetitive behaviors using some parts of their body, such as incessantly flapping their hands or banging their head against a wall.These behaviors sometimes are referred to as
A)rhythmic activities.
B)self-stimulatory behaviors.
C)recurrent performances.
D)habitual routines.

Accepted Answer

These behaviors are commonly known as self-stimulatory or self-stimulating behaviors, which are repetitive actions that can provide sensory stimulation or a feeling of comfort to individuals with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities, or other developmental disabilities.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about the factors that contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
A)Researchers have been able to identify a specific gene that causes ASD, thereby disproving the notion that ASD is a result of a combination of genes.
B)Children with ASD have a higher than average rate of other genetic disorders associated with cognitive impairment, including fragile X syndrome and PKU.
C)Children with ASD are no more likely than other children to have prenatal and birth complications.
D)Neuroimaging studies have found few structural and functional deficits in the brains of individuals with ASD, thereby strengthening the role of environmental factors.

Accepted Answer

Research has identified a number of genes that contribute to the development of ASD, but there is no single gene that has been found to cause ASD on its own. Children with ASD also have a higher rate of other genetic disorders associated with cognitive impairment, including fragile X syndrome and PKU. Prenatal and birth complications have been identified as potential risk factors for ASD. Neuroimaging studies have identified a number of structural and functional deficits in the brains of individuals with ASD, suggesting a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disorder.

Question 8

One of the concerns of the new DSM-5 diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder is that it may be better at meeting DSM-IV TR criteria for ________ disorders, than DSM-IV TR criteria for ________ disorders.
A)pervasive developmental; high functioning autistic
B)Rett's; low functioning autistic
C)Asperger's; pervasive developmental
D)pervasive developmental; low functioning autistic

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder may be better at meeting DSM-IV TR criteria for pervasive developmental disorders than for low functioning autistic disorders. This is because the previous DSM-IV TR criteria differentiated between autism, Asperger's disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, while the DSM-5 combines these diagnoses into one spectrum. This means that some individuals who would have previously been diagnosed with Asperger's or PDD-NOS may now receive a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, which may lead to an over-representation of individuals with higher functioning autism and an under-representation of those with more severe symptoms.

Question 9

In the DSM-IV TR, autism was included in a category called ________ disorders.
A)pervasive developmental
B)Rett's
C)Asperger's
D)childhood disintegrative

Accepted Answer

Autism was included in the category of pervasive developmental disorders in the DSM-IV TR, along with Asperger's syndrome, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).

Question 10

Dimitri tends to move his body in a repetitive manner such as waving his hands.These behaviors sometimes are referred to as
A)rhythmic activities.
B)self-stimulatory behaviors.
C)recurrent performances.
D)habitual routines.

Accepted Answer

Dimitri's behavior of waving his hands is an example of self-stimulatory behavior. Self-stimulatory behaviors are repetitive actions that individuals engage in to provide sensory stimulation or satisfy a need for calming or self-regulation.

Question 11

Roughly ________ percent of children on the autism spectrum show at least moderate intellectual disability.
A)25
B)33
C)50
D)66

Accepted Answer

The answer of Roughly ________ percent of children on the...

Question 12

The DSM-IV TR had a classification for both autism spectrum disorder (ASD)and Asperger's disorder arguing that in the latter:
A)children show no significant communication deficits.
B)in the first three years of life, children show underdeveloped cognitive skills.
C)children tend to have lower IQ scores.
D)children experience significant impairments in their language and social functioning.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-IV TR stated that in Asperger's disorder, children showed no significant communication deficits, whereas children with ASD typically exhibit impairments in communication skills. However, it is important to note that the DSM-5, which replaced the DSM-IV TR, consolidated Asperger's disorder and ASD into a single diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 13

According to research, which of the following treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is more likely to produce short-term improvements?
A)A combination of two different types of drugs that are effective in treating ADHD
B)A combination of stimulant therapy and psychosocial therapy
C)Stimulant therapy alone
D)Behavioral therapy alone

Accepted Answer

A combination of stimulant therapy and psychosocial therapy is often considered the most effective approach for producing short-term improvements in ADHD symptoms. Stimulant medications can quickly improve attention and focus, while psychosocial therapies, such as behavior therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy, address behavioral issues, social skills, and emotional challenges associated with ADHD. This combined approach leverages the strengths of both medication and therapy for more comprehensive short-term benefits.

Question 14

________ was the first psychiatrist to describe autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
A)Carl Jung
B)Leo Kanner
C)Aaron T.Beck
D)Eugene Bleuler

Accepted Answer

Leo Kanner was the first psychiatrist to describe Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 1943, through his observations of 11 children who had difficulty relating to others and exhibited repetitive behaviors.

Question 15

Which of the following therapies has been shown by research to be most effective in treating children with ADHD?
A)Short-term psychoanalysis
B)Dialectical behavioral therapy
C)Behavioral therapy
D)Exposure therapy

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that behavioral therapy, particularly Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), is the most effective therapy for treating children with ADHD. PCIT involves training parents in positive reinforcement techniques and effective discipline strategies to improve their child's behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following therapies, used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), typically engage parents and teachers in changing rewards and punishments in every aspect of the child's life?
A)Cognitive therapies
B)Behavioral therapies
C)Psychodynamic therapies
D)Humanistic therapies

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapies, such as behavioral parent training and behavioral classroom management, typically involve parents and teachers in changing rewards and punishments in every aspect of the child's life to improve ADHD symptoms. Cognitive therapies focus on changing the child's thoughts and attitudes, psychodynamic therapies explore the unconscious and past experiences, and humanistic therapies prioritize self-awareness and individual growth.

Question 17

In the DSM-5, all the pervasive developmental disorders have been subsumed under the new category of
A)disintegrative disorder.
B)autism spectrum disorder.
C)neurological dysfunction disorders.
D)pervasive neurological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 no longer includes separate diagnoses for autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Instead, these disorders are now all encompassed within the broader category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
A)The symptoms of ASD have their onset between ages six and nine.
B)The best predictor of the outcome of ASD is a child's IQ and the amount of language development before age six.
C)The prevalence of ASD is not affected by socioeconomic status and parents' mental abilities.
D)The prevalence of ASD has been decreasing in recent years, probably due to increased awareness of the disorder.

Accepted Answer

The best predictor of the outcome of ASD is a child's IQ and the amount of language development before age six. None of the other statements are correct. The symptoms of ASD typically begin to appear before age two, not between ages six and nine (A). The prevalence of ASD is affected by socioeconomic status and parental education (not mental abilities) (C). The prevalence of ASD has been increasing in recent years, not decreasing, and it is likely due to improved diagnosis and awareness (D).

Question 19

Individuals like Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie Rain Man, who show an exceptionally high ability in one area but also have a moderate intellectual disability, are considered
A)gifted.
B)savants.
C)dyslexic.
D)geniuses.

Accepted Answer

Individuals like Dustin Hoffman's character in Rain Man are considered savants, which means they exhibit exceptional abilities in specific areas such as music, art, or math, while also having a moderate to severe intellectual disability in other areas.

Question 20

Zoila shows moderate intellectual disability but has an exceptionally high ability in math.She can ask you what day your birthdate is and tell you immediately what day of the year you were born on.Individuals like Zoila are considered
A)gifted.
B)savants.
C)dyslexic.
D)geniuses.

Accepted Answer

Individuals like Zoila who have a specific exceptional ability despite having a moderate intellectual disability are commonly referred to as savants. They often display impressive skills in areas such as mathematics, music, or art.

Quiz 10: Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders

Disorders characterized by impairment in two key areas of development including deficits in social interactions, communication with others, and repetitive patterns of behavior are called

Mariposa tends to repeat words she hears her mother use.She also tends to reverse her pronouns using you instead of I and also has difficulty intonating pitch and tone.These speech patterns represent

A key communication issue autistic children experience is the tendency to repeat words they have heard, a condition known as

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) :

For adults with ADHD, ________ therapy has been shown to be effective.

Some children perform stereotyped and repetitive behaviors using some parts of their body, such as incessantly flapping their hands or banging their head against a wall.These behaviors sometimes are referred to as

Which of the following is true about the factors that contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ?

One of the concerns of the new DSM-5 diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder is that it may be better at meeting DSM-IV TR criteria for disorders, than DSM-IV TR criteria for disorders.

In the DSM-IV TR, autism was included in a category called ________ disorders.

Dimitri tends to move his body in a repetitive manner such as waving his hands.These behaviors sometimes are referred to as

Roughly ________ percent of children on the autism spectrum show at least moderate intellectual disability.

The DSM-IV TR had a classification for both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Asperger's disorder arguing that in the latter:

According to research, which of the following treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more likely to produce short-term improvements?

________ was the first psychiatrist to describe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) .

Which of the following therapies has been shown by research to be most effective in treating children with ADHD?

Which of the following therapies, used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , typically engage parents and teachers in changing rewards and punishments in every aspect of the child's life?

In the DSM-5, all the pervasive developmental disorders have been subsumed under the new category of

Which of the following statements is true about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ?

Individuals like Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie Rain Man, who show an exceptionally high ability in one area but also have a moderate intellectual disability, are considered

Zoila shows moderate intellectual disability but has an exceptionally high ability in math.She can ask you what day your birthdate is and tell you immediately what day of the year you were born on.Individuals like Zoila are considered