Question 1

In classical psychodynamic therapy, clients ________ painful memories and difficult issues to gain a new understanding and provide self-definitions that are acceptable to them.

Accepted Answer

In classical psychodynamic therapy, clients work through painful memories and difficult issues to gain a new understanding and provide self-definitions that are acceptable to them. This process can be emotional and challenging, but the goal is to achieve greater insight and resolution of past traumas or conflicts. Projection and repression may be defense mechanisms that clients use to avoid confronting these issues, while rejection would involve pushing away or denying their relevance altogether.

Question 2

Carl Rogers believed that without undue pressure from others, individuals naturally move toward personal growth, self-acceptance, and ________, the fulfillment of their potential for love, creativity, and meaning.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed in the concept of self-actualization, which refers to the natural tendency of individuals to strive towards fulfilling their potential for love, creativity, and meaning. This involves achieving a sense of fulfillment and personal growth, as well as self-acceptance and self-esteem without undue pressure from others.

Question 3

When a client is unwilling to or cannot reveal certain material to the clinician, this problem is often referred to as

Accepted Answer

The term "resistance" refers to when a client is unwilling or unable to discuss certain thoughts, feelings, or behaviors with a clinician. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as fear of judgment or discomfort with the topic at hand. It is a common issue in therapy and requires delicacy and understanding from the clinician to help the client work through it. Transference and countertransference refer to unconscious feelings and reactions that the client or clinician may have towards one another, and catharsis refers to the release of emotions that occurs during therapy.

Question 4

Patricia begins to talk to her therapist as if he is her father.She also reacts with extreme fear as she did to her father when she was a child.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of transference, as Patricia is transferring feelings and behaviors she had towards her father onto her therapist.

Question 5

Which of the following characterizes "object" in object relations theory?

Accepted Answer

Object in object relations theory refers to an internalized and unconscious mental image of ourselves and significant others from our early lives. This image shapes our future relationships and perceptions of the world.

Question 6

Whenever Dora visits her therapist, the therapist allows her to talk about any subject without interruptions.This technique is called

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the scenario is free association, which involves allowing the patient to freely talk about any thoughts, feelings, or emotions that come to mind without interruption or judgement. Resistance refers to a patient's reluctance or refusal to discuss specific topics. Denial is a defense mechanism in which an individual refuses to acknowledge or accept a painful reality. Transference involves the patient projecting feelings and attitudes onto the therapist based on their previous experiences with other people.

Question 7

Which of the following theories of abnormality is based on the assumption that humans have an innate capacity for goodness and for living a full life?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic theory of abnormality is based on the assumption that humans have an innate capacity for goodness and for living a full life. This theory emphasizes the importance of self-awareness, personal growth, and the potential for individuals to reach their full potential. It stresses the individual's potential to make choices and take responsibility for their own lives. The other options, psychodynamic, cognitive, and behavioral theories, do not share this assumption about human nature.

Question 8

In Freudian theory, which term describes the situation of a child not progressing from one psychosexual stage to the next?

Accepted Answer

Fixation at an earlier stage refers to the situation where a child does not progress from one psychosexual stage to the next. This can occur if the child experiences excessive gratification or frustration during a particular stage, causing them to become fixated on that stage and carry its conflicts and behaviors into adulthood.

Question 9

According to Freudian theory, issues and challenges of one psychosexual stage must be ________ before proceeding to the next.

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, if issues and challenges of one psychosexual stage are not resolved, it may lead to fixation and difficulties in progressing to the next stage. Therefore, the issues and challenges must be resolved before proceeding to the next stage.

Question 10

________ was developed by Carl Rogers.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy. It is a type of supportive psychotherapy in which the therapist provides empathy and unconditional positive regard to help the client develop a stronger sense of self and cope with life's challenges.

Question 11

The stated goal of humanistic therapy is to:

Accepted Answer

The goal of humanistic therapy is to help clients discover their greatest potential through self-exploration. This approach emphasizes the individual's subjective experience, personal growth, and self-actualization. It encourages clients to take responsibility for their own lives and decisions, and to explore their feelings and thoughts in a safe and non-judgmental environment. Humanistic therapy is not focused on uncovering unconscious conflicts or challenging maladaptive thinking patterns, which are goals of other approaches like psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 12

Carl Jung referred to the wisdom accumulated by a society over hundreds of years of human existence that is stored in the memories of individuals as the

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung referred to this wisdom as the collective unconscious, which he believed was inherited and passed down from generation to generation. This collective unconscious includes archetypes and universal symbols that are present in myths and religions across cultures.

Question 13

________ emerged out of modern psychodynamic theories of psychopathology and shifted focus from the unconscious conflicts of the individual to the client's pattern of relationships with important people in his or her life.

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy emerged out of modern psychodynamic theories of psychopathology and shifted focus from the unconscious conflicts of the individual to the client's pattern of relationships with important people in his or her life. It emphasizes the importance of current interpersonal relationships in the development of the client's mental health issues and seeks to improve those relationships as part of the therapeutic process. Ego psychology and psychoanalysis focus more on the individual's internal conflicts and the workings of the unconscious mind, while the object relations perspective specifically examines how early relationships with significant others shape an individual's sense of self and relationships in adulthood.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about the difference between classical psychoanalysis and more modern psychodynamic therapy?

Accepted Answer

While both psychoanalysis and modern psychodynamic therapy can vary in length, psychoanalysis typically involves more frequent and longer sessions over a period of many years. Modern psychodynamic therapy can be shorter-term, sometimes lasting only 12 weeks. Additionally, while both approaches may explore the client's current situations, psychoanalysis tends to focus more deeply on the client's unconscious and past experiences. The interpretation of transference is a key aspect of both approaches, but may receive more emphasis in modern psychodynamic therapy compared to classical psychoanalysis.

Question 15

The unconscious internalized representations, or images, of ourselves and significant others are called

Accepted Answer

The answer of The unconscious internalized representations, or images, of...

Question 16

Lucy rejects her therapist's interpretation of her conflict.Her reasoning is that the therapist really has no idea what she is actually going through.According to Lucy, her therapist has only book knowledge and has no idea what goes on in the real world.Lucy is most likely exhibiting ________ the therapeutic process.

Accepted Answer

Lucy's rejection of her therapist's interpretation and her belief that the therapist lacks understanding of her situation are signs of resistance toward the therapeutic process. Resistance is a common occurrence in therapy and can manifest as a defense mechanism against vulnerability or as an attempt to maintain control. It is important for therapists to address resistance in order to fully understand and help their clients.

Question 17

Jeremy and Stacy are siblings who attend the same elementary school.They rarely speak to each other during their free time at school.Jeremy usually hangs out with his male friends, while Stacy and her female friends stick together.Both siblings show minimal interest in the opposite sex.Jeremy and Stacy are most likely in which stage of psychosexual development?

Accepted Answer

Jeremy and Stacy's lack of interest in the opposite sex suggests that they are not in the phallic stage, where children typically develop sexual attraction to their opposite-sex parent. Their lack of interest in each other does not necessarily indicate a fixation on same-sex friendships, which would be more characteristic of the genital stage. Therefore, the most likely stage of psychosexual development for Jeremy and Stacy is the latency stage, where sexual impulses are dormant and children focus on developing social and cognitive skills.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about psychodynamic theories?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapies typically require long-term, intensive sessions with a therapist, which can be costly and not affordable for many people. While some of the basic assumptions of psychodynamic theories can be scientifically tested, the nature of the therapy itself is often seen as unstructured and may not be preferred by everyone. Psychodynamic theories do not necessarily explain normal and abnormal behavior with separate, distinct processes.

Question 19

Lance is a shy 13-year-old boy who often goes to his older sister for dating advice.He has recently developed an interest in members of the opposite sex.Lance is most likely in which stage of psychosexual development?

Accepted Answer

Lance is in the Genital stage of psychosexual development, according to Freud's theory. This stage typically begins at puberty and involves a renewed interest in sexual contact with others, which aligns with Lance's behavior.

Question 20

The object relations perspective suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The object relations perspective emphasizes the importance of early relationships in shaping an individual's sense of self and personality development. This perspective suggests that an individual's experiences with their primary caregivers create internalized mental representations or "objects" that can affect how they view themselves and others in their future relationships.

Quiz 2: Theories and Treatment of Abnormality