Question 1

The difference between people with schizoid personality disorder and people with avoidant personality disorder is that people with ________.

Accepted Answer

People with avoidant personality disorder desire close relationships, but are fearful of rejection or criticism. People with schizoid personality disorder are typically solitary and uninterested in social relationships.

Question 2

People with ________ disorders develop inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and acting that are so exaggerated and rigid that they cause serious distress and social problems.

Accepted Answer

Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of thinking and behaving that are so exaggerated and rigid that they cause significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. People with personality disorders often struggle to maintain stable relationships, live up to their potential, or adapt to change. Some examples of personality disorders include borderline, narcissistic, antisocial, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, among others.

Question 3

A personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships is ________ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

The description in the question fits the diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder, which is characterized by instability in self-image, mood, and relationships. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by disregard for the rights of others, histrionic personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotional and attention-seeking behaviors, and narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy for others.

Question 4

In this approach, a nonhuman object is the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement.

Accepted Answer

Fetishism involves the use of nonhuman objects as the exclusive or preferred method of achieving sexual arousal. This can include items such as shoes, rubber, or silk.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

People with antisocial personality disorder often exhibit characteristics such as superficial charm and intelligence. This allows them to manipulate others, which is a key feature of the disorder. The other statements are false - people with phobias are not usually aggressive, people with personality disorders may not seek therapy due to difficulties in recognizing their own problems, and all infants are believed to exhibit some level of narcissism as a normal part of development.

Question 6

The ________ personality disorder displays as an inability to make choices and decisions independently, and a lack of tolerance for being alone.

Accepted Answer

The dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of and a fear of being alone or separated from loved ones. People with this disorder have difficulty making decisions without excessive advice and reassurance from others.

Question 7

Tom never tells the truth. He steals from others, and doesn't seem to care if he harms other people's feelings. He has never had a close relationship with anyone. Tom has ________ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

The description of Tom's behavior matches the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder, which is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, a lack of empathy, and a tendency towards deceitfulness and impulsivity.

Question 8

Fetishists are usually ________.

Accepted Answer

Although there is diversity among fetishists, research indicates that the majority are men.

Question 9

Which of the following is a sexual dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Erectile disorder is a sexual dysfunction that involves difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection during sexual activity. Homosexuality, voyeurism, and fetishism are not considered sexual dysfunctions.

Question 10

Sexual desire disorders play a part in ________ percent of all sexual dysfunctions.

Accepted Answer

Sexual desire disorders are estimated to play a part in 40% of all sexual dysfunctions. This includes hypoactive sexual desire disorder (lack of sexual desire), sexual aversion disorder (strong aversion to sexual activity), and sexual arousal disorder (lack of sexual arousal).

Question 11

A compulsion to achieve sexual arousal by touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person in public situations is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Frotteurism specifically involves nonconsensual touching or rubbing against another person in a public setting, whereas fetishism involves sexual arousal from nonhuman objects or body parts, exhibitionism involves exposing one's genitals to others, and catatonia is a state of decreased responsiveness often associated with certain mental disorders.

Question 12

Darren enjoys sex, but the only way he is able to achieve arousal is to watch others who are engaging in sexual activity. He was also previously arrested for spying on unsuspecting people who were nude. His disorder is ________.

Accepted Answer

Voyeurism is a disorder in which an individual experiences sexual arousal by watching others engage in sexual activity without their knowledge or consent. The fact that Darren has been arrested previously for spying on unsuspecting individuals who were nude supports the diagnosis of voyeurism. Choices B, C, and D do not fit the symptoms described.

Question 13

Janice has always seen sex as a duty to perform for her husband. Whenever she starts to get aroused, her mind is flooded by negative thoughts about how dirty and sinful sexual activity is. As a result, she is almost totally cold to any sensual pleasure and she feels no desire for sexual activity. She is suffering from ________.

Accepted Answer

Janice's negative attitudes and lack of desire for sexual activity indicate that she is suffering from a sexual desire disorder.

Question 14

Erika loves sex, but the only way she can achieve sexual arousal is to have her partner tie her up and whip her harshly. Her disorder is ________.

Accepted Answer

Erika's sexual disorder is sexual masochism, which involves being sexually aroused by receiving pain or humiliation. Pedophilia involves sexual attraction to children, sexual sadism involves deriving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain or humiliation on others, and voyeurism involves being sexually aroused by observing unsuspecting individuals without their consent.

Question 15

Rejection of one's biological gender and persistently desiring to become a member of the opposite sex is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Rejection of one's biological gender and persistently desiring to become a member of the opposite sex is known as gender dysphoria. Gender nonconformity refers to behavior that does not conform to stereotypical expectations of one's gender, bisexuality refers to sexual attraction to both sexes, and sexual orientation disorder is not a recognized term within current diagnostic criteria for mental health disorders.

Question 16

When Julio was in school, he never felt the need to engage with others or seek out friends. Eventually, he asked one of his professors to write him a job recommendation, but the professor was unable to do so because Julio had always appeared extremely cold, distant, and unfeeling in class. The professor had never seen him interact with any other students, instead, he appeared to be constantly "in a fog." A psychologist would likely diagnose Julio with _____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Julio's lack of interest in social interaction, tendency to be emotionally detached, and preference for solitary activities are all characteristics of schizoid personality disorder. Narcissistic personality disorder involves an inflated sense of self-importance and a need for excessive admiration from others. Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. Antisocial personality disorder involves a disregard for the rights of others and a lack of empathy. None of these disorders are a good fit for Julio's presentation in this scenario.

Question 17

Jenson enjoys sex with his partner, and has a desire to engage in sex. However, after achieving full arousal, he is unable to orgasm. He is suffering from ________.

Accepted Answer

Jenson's inability to orgasm despite having a desire for sex and achieving full arousal suggests he is experiencing orgasmic disorder. Inhibited sexual response refers to difficulties becoming aroused, inhibited sexual desire refers to a lack of sexual desire, and frotteurism is a specific sexual paraphilia involving sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against non-consenting individuals.

Question 18

Pedophiles are almost invariably ________.

Accepted Answer

Pedophiles are often close to their victims, either through family or social connections. They may use their position of trust or authority to gain access to their victims. It is rare for pedophiles to be complete strangers to their victims. Age and personality traits are not reliable indicators of a person being a pedophile.

Question 19

Marty is always getting into trouble with authorities. He mistrusts everyone and gives others a hard time because he believes they are out to get him. He is overly sensitive to even the slightest criticisms or negative comments, always thinking that those who criticize him are trying to trick him. Marty has ________ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Marty's behavior of mistrusting and being overly sensitive to criticism are typical symptoms of paranoid personality disorder. Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by social withdrawal and emotional detachment, while antisocial personality disorder often involves disregard for the rights of others and disregard for social norms. Avoidant personality disorder involves social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy.

Question 20

Causing humiliation or physical harm to their sexual partners is characteristic of ________.

Accepted Answer

Causing humiliation or physical harm to their sexual partners is characteristic of sexual sadists. Pedophiles are characterized by a sexual attraction to children, sexual masochists enjoy being humiliated or experiencing pain themselves, and introverts are not relevant to this behavior.

Quiz 12: Psychological Disorders