Question 1

The psychological term for anticipating stressful events and taking advance steps to avoid them or minimize their impact is ________.

Accepted Answer

Proactive coping refers to taking advance steps to anticipate and manage potentially stressful situations. This involves actively seeking out ways to minimize the impact of stressors or avoiding them altogether. Proactive coping is generally considered a healthy and effective way to manage stress. Options B, C, and D do not accurately reflect this concept.

Question 2

About ________ percent of all American children under age 18 are involved in a divorce.

Accepted Answer

About 40 percent of all American children under age 18 are involved in a divorce.

Question 3

Eating a well-balanced diet, getting regular exercise, not smoking, and avoiding high-risk behaviors are all elements of ________.

Accepted Answer

Eating a well-balanced diet, getting regular exercise, not smoking, and avoiding high-risk behaviors are all elements of adopting a healthy lifestyle. Retroactive coping is dealing with a stressor after it has occurred, defensive coping is making excuses for negative behavior or blaming others, and positive reappraisal is finding a positive meaning in a negative situation. None of these options correctly encompass the elements listed in the question.

Question 4

A psychological disorder characterized by episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing event in the past is called ________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Narcoleptic is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, while panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive and persistent worry about a number of different things.

Question 5

The phrase that best describes proactive coping is ________.

Accepted Answer

Proactive coping refers to anticipating potential stressors and developing strategies to manage them before they occur. The phrase "be prepared" best reflects this proactive approach to coping.

Question 6

Each of the following is one of the three stages of reaction to a catastrophe described in your text except ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each of the following is one of...

Question 7

Jogging, brisk walking, and swimming are all examples of ________ exercise.

Accepted Answer

All three activities listed require constant oxygen consumption to produce energy for the muscles, making them aerobic exercises.

Question 8

A national survey on the impact of divorce on children found that most children suffer ________.

Accepted Answer

The survey found that most children suffer intense emotional distress at the time of the divorce but that most recover within a year or two. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they suggest that children either do not experience significant emotional distress or that they do not recover from it for a prolonged period, which does not reflect the survey's findings.

Question 9

Of those Americans exposed to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, about ________ percent developed symptoms of posttraumatic stress syndrome that were still present five to six years later.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 10 percent of those exposed to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, developed symptoms of posttraumatic stress syndrome that persisted five to six years later.

Question 10

Typically, a person's first reaction to a natural disaster is ________.

Accepted Answer

The most common initial reaction to a natural disaster is shock or disbelief. This is due to the suddenness and unexpectedness of the event, which can cause people to feel disoriented and unsure of what to do next. Anger, confusion, and despair may also be common reactions, but shock is typically the first response.

Question 11

Following a significant trauma, a few particularly stable individuals experience a positive emotional response called ________.

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth refers to the positive changes that can occur in an individual following a traumatic experience, such as a greater appreciation for life, increased personal strength, and new opportunities for growth and development. This phenomenon is not experienced by everyone who undergoes a trauma, only by particularly stable individuals who are able to adjust to the new reality created by the event.

Question 12

The tendency to start smoking occurs almost exclusively during the ________ years.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that the majority of individuals start smoking during their adolescent years, typically between the ages of 11 and 15. While smoking may occur in other age groups, the highest prevalence is found in this specific age range. Therefore, choice C (adolescent) is the best answer.

Question 13

Elayni returns from an emergency shelter to find her home was totally destroyed by a hurricane. Relief workers find her wandering aimlessly around the wreckage and debris, mumbling incoherently to herself and staring vacantly into space. Her behavior sounds typical of someone in the ________ stage of reaction to a catastrophe.

Accepted Answer

Elayni's behavior suggests that she is in shock, the immediate and initial stage of reaction to a catastrophe where individuals may experience a range of psychosomatic symptoms, including confusion, disorientation, shock, and numbness. This is a common response to traumatic events, involving a physical and psychological shutdown, and is often followed by other stages such as resilience, recovery, and long-term adaptation.

Question 14

According to Wortman and colleagues, each of the following is a myth about bereavement except that people ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Wortman and colleagues, each of...

Question 15

The phrase that best describes positive reappraisal is ________.

Accepted Answer

Positive reappraisal involves looking at a negative situation in a more positive light. The phrase "turn a lemon into lemonade" embodies this idea by suggesting that one can take a sour situation (a lemon) and turn it into something sweet and refreshing (lemonade).

Question 16

Dietary experts recommend a diet consisting mostly of each of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

Dietary experts recommend a diet consisting mostly of whole-grain breads and cereals, nuts, fruits, and vegetables, rather than fatty meats.

Question 17

Weeks after her home was destroyed by a hurricane, Elayni is doing much better. Most of the sadness is gone and she rarely cries anymore, but she still has occasional bouts of anxiety, and feels the need to repeatedly recount her experiences to anyone who will listen. Her behavior is similar to that of someone in the ________ stage of reaction to a catastrophe.

Accepted Answer

Elayni's reduced sadness and occasional anxiety indicate that she is in the recovery stage of reaction to the catastrophe. Her need to repeatedly recount her experiences to others is also common during this stage as individuals try to make sense of what happened and integrate the experience into their lives. The other options, despair, shock, and suggestible, do not accurately reflect Elayni's current state.

Question 18

Elayni returns from an emergency shelter with her parents to find their home was partially destroyed by a hurricane. Relief workers tell them where to stay for that evening and who to contact to begin cleaning and rebuilding. She immediately goes to the temporary shelter and begins contacting the insurance and repair people for her parents. Elayni's behavior sounds like that of someone in the ________ stage of reaction to a catastrophe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elayni returns from an emergency shelter with...

Question 19

________ are especially vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder.

Accepted Answer

Combat veterans are at high risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to their exposure to traumatic events during active duty. While individuals in other professions may also be at risk for exposure to trauma, combat veterans have been shown to have particularly high rates of PTSD.

Question 20

Which of the following accurately lists in order the stages of reactions to natural catastrophes?

Accepted Answer

The stages of reactions to natural catastrophes typically follow the pattern of initial shock, a suggestible stage where individuals are more open to guidance, and finally a recovery stage where they begin to rebuild and adapt.

Quiz 11: Stress and Health Psychology