Question 1

What is chyme? Trace the path of chyme from the stomach to the large intestine. Include the three main regions of the small intestine in your discussion.

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Question 2

Diets that avoid gluten have grown in popularity by people without celiac disease in recent years. What are some potential downsides of avoiding gluten for people without a diagnosed medical condition to support its exclusion from the diet?

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Question 3

Imagine that you would like to adjust your diet to promote the growth of healthy bacteria in your gut. What changes would you make? Explain how these foods would promote the growth of healthy bacteria.

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Question 4

After absorption in the small intestine, sugars and amino acids are transported to the _____ before reaching other organs.
A) heart
B) lungs
C) brain
D) liver
E) kidneys

Accepted Answer

After absorption in the small intestine, sugars and amino acids are transported to the liver through the portal vein before being distributed to other organs. The liver is responsible for processing and regulating the blood levels of nutrients before they enter the general circulation.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true about diverticular disease?
A) It is a condition in which there are small pouches or pockets in the wall or lining of the digestive tract.
B) This condition occurs when the inner layer of the digestive tract pushes through weak spots in the outer layer.
C) Age is a primary risk factor for this condition.
D) Diets low in fiber reduce risk for this condition.
E) Active lifestyles appear to be protective against this condition.

Accepted Answer

Diets low in fiber actually increase the risk for diverticular disease, so this statement is not true.

Question 6

Describe the organization of the body from cells to organ systems using the digestive system as an example.

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Question 7

Why is the gallbladder considered an accessory organ in the digestive system? If a person were to have a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), what might be a consequence of this procedure?

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Question 8

What is the process of breaking down food to its smallest units in order for the nutrients to be absorbed?
A) ingestion
B) digestion
C) absorption
D) excretion
E) consumption

Accepted Answer

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into its smallest units, such as nutrients, through mechanical and chemical actions of enzymes and acids, so that it can be absorbed by the body. Ingestion refers to the intake of food, absorption refers to the uptake of nutrients into the bloodstream, excretion refers to the elimination of waste products, and consumption is a general term that can refer to any act of eating or drinking.

Question 9

List at least three accessory organs in the digestive process and explain their roles.

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Question 10

What is the difference between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

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Question 11

Choose one of the following common digestive disorder discussed in Chapter 3: diverticulosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or constipation. Explain why the condition occurs and provide at least three suggestions for managing the condition.

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Question 12

Using diagrams, illustrate the difference between the three different mechanisms used to transport nutrients into cells across the lumen of the GI tract.

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Question 13

Describe the four main functions of the digestive system and indicate the length of time it takes for food to travel through the entire GI tract.

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Question 14

Describe the process by which an enzyme (amylase) reacts with and breaks down a substrate (starch).

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Question 15

The digestive system includes:
A) organs of the GI tract.
B) salivary glands.
C) liver and gallbladder.
D) pancreas.
E) All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

The digestive system includes all of the organs listed, including those of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus), salivary glands, liver and gallbladder, and pancreas.

Quiz 3: Digestive System and Digestive Disorders