Question 1

The effect of food on a person's genes is known as:

Accepted Answer

The effect of food on a person's genes is a field of study known as nutritional genomics. The other choices are not directly related to this topic. The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon where a person experiences relief from a symptom even though they were given a treatment that does not have any physiological effect. Phytochemicals are compounds found in plants that may have health benefits. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and causes of diseases in populations. Cell studies refer to experiments in which scientists study the behavior of cells in a laboratory setting.

Question 2

What are phytochemicals? In which foods are they commonly found? Describe two of their functions in promoting health and preventing disease.

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Question 3

What are the four values included in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)? Describe each of these standards in establishing recommendations for nutrient intake.

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Question 4

The standard that provides recommendations for healthy ranges of energy-yielding macronutrients is termed the:

Accepted Answer

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) is the standard that provides recommendations for healthy ranges of energy-yielding macronutrients. It specifies the percentage of daily calorie intake that should come from carbohydrates (45-65%), fat (20-35%), and protein (10-35%). The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Adequate Intake (AI) provide recommendations for specific nutrients, while the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) estimates the nutrient needs of individuals in a population. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) provides the maximum safe intake level of a nutrient.

Question 5

What is the purpose of using a placebo in experimental studies?

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Question 6

What causes malnutrition? Describe the two forms of malnutrition with examples.

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Question 7

What are the nutrition-related objectives of Healthy People 2020? How will these objectives promote health and prevent disease in today's obesity-promoting environment?

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Question 8

Which of the following macronutrients is the preferred fuel for the brain and red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are the preferred fuel for the brain and red blood cells. While proteins and lipids can also provide energy, they are not as efficient or preferred as carbohydrates. Water is not a macronutrient and does not provide energy.

Question 9

Imagine you are planning a research study to investigate the relationship between fiber intake and blood cholesterol levels. How would your study be different if you chose to use an epidemiological research design rather than a randomized controlled trial?

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Question 10

What factors influence your daily food choices?

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Question 11

What is the key premise of the "developmental origins hypothesis"? How does maternal nutrition affect health of the offspring?

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Question 12

Imagine you see a news article with the heading, "The truth is out: Egg consumption harms health." How might you use the Internet to evaluate such a claim? How will you know if what you read on the internet is credible?

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Question 13

Describe the steps involved in the scientific method of conducting a study. Discuss the reasons why following these specific series of steps will result in a well-designed experimental study.

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Question 14

List the four macronutrients and identify two major functions of each.

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Quiz 1: The Science and Scope of Nutrition Eating for a Lifetime: a New Field in Nutrition Research Is Revealing Surprising Details About How Food Affects Our Genes