Question 1

Production networks for industries that produce commodities such as televisions, automobiles, and computers are termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

Producer-driven commodity chains refer to the network of production that exists for commodity industries like televisions, automobiles, and computers. These networks are typically driven by large firms that have control over multiple stages of production and distribution, and may involve the use of specialized suppliers and subcontractors. The other options, while related to global industries and production, are not specifically indicative of the production networks for these types of commodities.

Question 2

According to___________ , poorer nations cannot pursue their own economic and human development because they are trapped in a cycle of reliance on the richer nations for infusions of foreign capital and external markets for their raw materials.

Accepted Answer

The theory that best fits the description of poorer nations being trapped in a cycle of reliance on richer nations is dependency theory, which asserts that underdeveloped countries are economically and politically dependent on developed countries due to historical and structural reasons that make it difficult for them to progress without external assistance.

Question 3

Dependency theory has little or no relevance for the economic growth and development in___________ .

Accepted Answer

East Asia has experienced impressive economic growth over the past few decades, thanks to its export-oriented development strategy and active participation in the global economy. Dependency theory argues that developing countries are stuck in a vicious cycle of underdevelopment and poverty due to their dependence on developed nations for trade and investment. However, East Asian countries such as China, South Korea, and Taiwan have managed to break away from this cycle by leveraging their comparative advantages, investing in education and infrastructure, and implementing market-oriented policies. Therefore, dependency theory has little or no relevance for the economic growth and development in East Asia.

Question 4

Within world systems theory,___________ are dominant capitalist centers characterized by high levels of industrialization and urbanization.

Accepted Answer

Within world systems theory, core nations are defined as the dominant capitalist centers that have achieved high levels of industrialization and urbanization. These nations tend to have high levels of economic development and often have significant influence over other nations in the global economy. Peripheral nations, on the other hand, are characterized by low levels of industrialization and economic development and often function as suppliers of raw materials to core nations. Semiperipheral nations are in between these two categories, and may have some level of industrialization and economic development but are not as dominant as core nations. Dependent nations refer to those that have limited economic and political power and rely heavily on the resources and industries of other nations for their own economic viability.

Question 5

According to economic advisor Walt Rostow, societies in the ___________stage are slow to change because the people hold a fatalistic value system, do not subscribe to the work ethic, and save very little money.

Accepted Answer

The traditional stage, according to Walt Rostow, is characterized by a fatalistic value system where people believe that their fate is predetermined and therefore, change is slow to happen. Additionally, people in this stage may not subscribe to the work ethic and save little money.

Question 6

Complex patterns of international labor and production processes are termed ___________.

Accepted Answer

Global commodity chains refer to the complex patterns of international labor and production processes that involve multiple countries and companies in the production and distribution of goods and services. They can include everything from raw material extraction to final product assembly, and involve various stages of production in different locations around the world. A world system refers to the global economic system as a whole, while transnational corporations are large multinational companies that operate in multiple countries, and postmodern production refers to new modes of production that blur traditional boundaries between producers and consumers, such as crowdsourcing or 3D printing.

Question 7

Explain the levels of development approach used for describing global stratification.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the levels of development approach used...

Question 8

According to economic advisor Walt Rostow, all countries go through four stages of economic development. What is the correct sequence of economic development stages?

Accepted Answer

According to Walt Rostow, the correct sequence of economic development stages is traditional, take-off, technological maturity, and high mass consumption. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 9

Immanuel Wallerstein's ___________theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties in which wealthier nations benefit from other nations.

Accepted Answer

Wallerstein's theory is the world systems theory, which argues that the current global economic system is held together by economic ties between wealthy and poor nations, with the former benefiting at the expense of the latter. Dependency theory and the new international division of labor are related concepts, but they are not synonymous with world systems theory. Modernization theory is a different perspective on economic development.

Question 10

Describe the "Three Worlds" approach that is used to classify nations of the world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the "Three Worlds" approach that is...

Question 11

Dependency theory, world systems theory, and the new international division of labor theory are perspectives rooted___________ in the approach.

Accepted Answer

Dependency theory, world systems theory, and the new international division of labor theory all fall under the umbrella of conflict theory. These perspectives view the world as being divided into different classes or groups that are in competition for power and resources, with one group dominating and exploiting the weaker groups.

Question 12

Which of the major sociological perspectives is closely associated with modernization theory?

Accepted Answer

Modernization theory emphasizes the role of technology and economic development in shaping social change and progress, which aligns with functionalist perspectives that emphasize the importance of a stable and functioning society where all parts work together towards a common goal.

Question 13

The second of Rostow's stages of economic development is the ___________stage, which is a period of economic growth accompanied by a growing belief in individualism, competition, and achievement.

Accepted Answer

The second stage of Rostow's stages of economic development is called the "take-off" stage which is characterized by an increase in economic growth, increased industrialization, and a change in attitudes toward individualism, competition, and achievement.

Question 14

Production networks for large retailers such as Walmart are termed ___________.

Accepted Answer

Production networks for large retailers such as Walmart are known as buyer-driven commodity chains, where the power lies with the buyers rather than the producers. These networks are driven by the retailers' need to provide a constant flow of goods at low prices, and they often involve outsourcing production to low-wage countries. Transnational corporations refer to companies that operate in multiple countries, while producer-driven commodity chains refer to networks where the power lies with the producers. The term "world system" is used to describe the global economy as a whole.

Question 15

In the world system, countries that are dependent on core nations for capital, have little or no industrialization, and have uneven urbanization are termed___________ .

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nations are those that are dependent on core nations for capital, have little or no industrialization, and have uneven urbanization. Core nations are the dominant capitalist countries that industrialized first and have a high standard of living, while semiperipheral nations fall in between core and peripheral nations in terms of economic and social development. Dependent nations is a more general term that refers to countries that are economically and politically reliant on another country or countries.

Question 16

___________states that global poverty can at least partially be attributed to the fact that the low-income countries have been exploited by the high-income countries during the historical growth of capitalism.

Accepted Answer

Dependency theory argues that the underdevelopment of poor countries is a result of the exploitation by developed countries. It suggests that poor countries are dependent on wealthy countries and that this relationship creates a cycle of poverty and underdevelopment. This theory challenges the belief that modernization and industrialization are the key to economic growth and development, and instead highlights the need for a more equitable distribution of wealth and resources.

Question 17

Most sociologists studying global inequality agree that___________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most sociologists studying global inequality agree that___________...

Question 18

The fourth stage of Rostow's stages of economic development is the ___________and is accompanied by a high standard of living.

Accepted Answer

In Rostow's stages of economic development, the fourth stage is the high mass consumption stage. This stage is characterized by a high standard of living and a widespread adoption of new technologies and consumer goods.

Question 19

From the perspective of new international division of labor theory,___________ .

Accepted Answer

According to the new international division of labor theory, commodity production takes place in whatever part of the world can provide the most profitable combination of labor and capital. This means that countries and regions are no longer locked into specific roles in the global economy, and instead, they specialize in industries and commodities depending on their comparative advantage. This theory emphasizes the importance of globalization and the emergence of multinational corporations in shaping the global economy.

Question 20

Within world systems theory, South Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, Brazil, and India are examples of ___________.

Accepted Answer

According to world systems theory, countries can be categorized into three groups: core, periphery, and semiperiphery. Core countries are dominant in the world economy and have high levels of development, while periphery countries are marginalized and have low levels of development. Semiperiphery countries are in transition between core and periphery status, and have intermediate levels of development. South Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, Brazil, and India are all examples of semiperipheral nations, as they are not yet fully developed but are experiencing rapid economic growth and development.

Quiz 9: Race and Ethnicity