Question 1

The mass media continues to perpetuate images of stereotypical gender norms.

Accepted Answer

Despite progress in challenging gender stereotypes, mass media still plays a significant role in perpetuating them. Advertisements, TV shows, movies, and even news articles often reinforce traditional gender roles and perpetuate harmful stereotypes.

Question 2

There is general agreement that children are incapable of sophisticated levels of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

While younger children may not engage in sophisticated moral reasoning, research shows that as they age and develop, they become capable of higher-level moral reasoning.

Question 3

Biological inheritance is more important than social interaction in establishing an individual's human nature.

Accepted Answer

While biological inheritance plays a role in establishing an individual's human nature, social interaction also plays a significant role. Through socialization, individuals learn behaviors, values, and customs from the society and culture around them, shaping their human nature. Additionally, environmental factors such as upbringing, education, and experiences also contribute to the development of an individual's human nature.

Question 4

The family is the most important agent of socialization in all societies.

Accepted Answer

The family is considered the primary agent of socialization as it is the first social unit that an individual encounters and plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's beliefs, values, and behaviors. However, other social institutions such as schools, religious organizations, peer groups, and mass media also contribute to an individual's socialization process.

Question 5

Resocialization is always involuntary.

Accepted Answer

Resocialization can be both voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary resocialization occurs when an individual willingly participates in a program or process designed to change their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. Involuntary resocialization occurs when an individual is forced to undergo a program or process designed to change their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors, such as in cases of imprisonment, military training, or cult indoctrination.

Question 6

Carol Gilligan has argued that, in contrast to women, men are more likely to be concerned about the consequences of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan actually argues that women are more likely to be concerned about the consequences of behavior, while men are more focused on adhering to abstract principles and rules.

Question 7

There are different patterns of socialization that are correlated with families of different social classes.

Accepted Answer

Different social classes have their distinct patterns of socialization, which are influenced by various factors like income, education, occupation, and values. For example, upper-class parents tend to emphasize individuality and autonomy, while working-class families often prioritize obedience and conformity. These differences in socialization patterns can shape children's attitudes, behaviors, and opportunities in life.

Question 8

According to sociologists, there is no such thing as "peer pressure."

Accepted Answer

Sociologists do acknowledge the concept of peer pressure and have conducted numerous studies on its effects on behavior and decision-making.

Question 9

Freud's psychoanalytic theory of human development was a product of the Victorian era and has little or no relevance for understanding human development today.

Accepted Answer

While Freud's theories may not be universally accepted or applied in contemporary psychology, they continue to influence and inform many aspects of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic thought. Additionally, some of Freud's concepts, such as the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and the stages of psychosexual development, continue to be relevant and widely discussed in current psychology discourse.

Question 10

The most important aspects of racial identity and attitudes toward other racial-ethnic groups are passed down from generation to generation within social institutions such as the church.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most important aspects of racial identity...

Question 11

Studies in gerontology and the sociology of medicine find that most adults may be categorized according to their age, health status, and lifestyle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies in gerontology and the sociology of...

Question 12

The most frequent form of child maltreatment is sexual abuse.

Accepted Answer

The most frequent form of child maltreatment is actually neglect, followed by physical abuse, and then sexual abuse.

Question 13

There is hardly any human behavior that is not influenced by social interaction.

Accepted Answer

Social interaction, whether conscious or unconscious, can affect our behavior in various ways. Our actions, thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes are often shaped by the individuals and groups that we interact with. From learning social norms to adopting new habits, we constantly adjust our behavior according to the social situations we find ourselves in.

Question 14

According to the symbolic interactionist perspectives of sociologists Cooley and Mead, our sense of self is permanently fixed once we reach adulthood.

Accepted Answer

According to Cooley and Mead's symbolic interactionist perspectives, our sense of self is not permanently fixed and can change throughout our lives as a result of our interactions with others and our interpretation of those interactions. This concept is known as the "looking-glass self" and emphasizes the role of social interaction in shaping our self-concept.

Question 15

Schools have become more important socialization instruments as the number of one-parent families and families in which both parents work outside the home has increased.

Accepted Answer

As one-parent families and families where both parents work outside the home have become more common, schools have taken on a greater role in socializing children.

Question 16

Today, the vast majority of American teenagers use the Internet every day.

Accepted Answer

According to a 2018 survey conducted by Pew Research Center, 95% of American teenagers between the ages of 13 and 17 reported using the Internet every day or almost every day.

Question 17

Piaget suggested that some children move through the stages of cognitive development more quickly than others.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that children progress through four stages of cognitive development from birth to adulthood, but the rate of progression can vary for each individual. Some children may move through the stages more quickly than others depending upon their individual experiences, maturity level, and environmental factors.

Question 18

The socialization process yields the same outcomes in all societies.

Accepted Answer

The socialization process can vary across different societies and cultures, influencing the values, beliefs, and behaviors of individuals in unique ways. Therefore, the outcomes of socialization can differ across societies.

Question 19

Applying the framework for cognitive development created by Jean Piaget, it is possible for a child to be in several stages at the same time, depending on the child's individual personalities.

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits that children progress through a series of four distinct stages of cognitive development, which are sequential and age-related. A child cannot be in multiple stages at once; they must complete one stage before moving on to the next.

Question 20

From a sociological perspective, we cannot form a sense of self or personal identity without intense social contact with others.

Accepted Answer

According to sociological theories of identity, our sense of self and personal identity are deeply influenced by our social interactions and the norms and values of the society in which we live. Our beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are shaped by the social structures and cultural practices around us, and our identities are formed in relation to others and our social positions. Therefore, sociologists argue that social contact with others is essential for the development of a sense of self and personal identity.

Quiz 6: Deviance and Crime