Question 1

The significant difference between childhood socialization and adult socialization is that ____________________________.

Accepted Answer

Adult socialization involves greater freedom of choice than does childhood socialization. During childhood, people are strongly influenced by their parents, caregivers, and other authority figures, who teach them what is acceptable and expected behavior in society. However, as adults, individuals have greater agency to choose their own social circles, values, and lifestyles that align with their personal beliefs and interests.

Question 2

Outline the stages of cognitive development as set forth by psychologist Jean Piaget.

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Question 3

Outline the key components of sociologist George Herbert Mead's role-taking theory and explain its contribution to our understanding of the socialization process.

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Question 4

Which of these statements about racial socialization is false?

Accepted Answer

Racial attitudes can also be learned through indirect messages and experiences, not just intentional and direct teaching.

Question 5

____________ is reinforced by negative images regarding older persons.

Accepted Answer

Ageism is the discrimination or prejudice against people based on their age, often reinforced by negative images or stereotypes about older individuals. Resocialization refers to the process of learning new norms and values after being removed from one's original culture, workplace socialization is the process of learning norms and values within a specific work environment, and value clarification is the process of determining one's personal values and beliefs. None of these options directly relate to the reinforcement of negative images towards older persons.

Question 6

The first step in the resocialization process is often a ____________ , in which individuals are stripped of their former selves by being denied privacy and being assigned institutional clothing.

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question, where individuals are stripped of their former selves by being denied privacy and being assigned institutional clothing, is known as a degradation ceremony. This is the first step in the resocialization process, where individuals are stripped of their former identities and behaviors in order to adopt new ones that are deemed more desirable by a particular institution or society. Option A, desocialization pattern, is related, but not the best answer because it does not specifically describe the process of stripping individuals of their former identities. Option B, resocializing process, is too broad and does not specifically describe the first step in the process. Option D, devaluation ritual, is not a commonly used term in sociology and is not related to the resocialization process.

Question 7

Which of these is not an example of a rite of passage?

Accepted Answer

A weekly religious service is not a rite of passage, as it is a recurring event that does not denote a specific transition or change in status. The other options (retirement dinner, quinceañera, and wedding) are all examples of rites of passage, as they celebrate a significant change or transition in someone's life.

Question 8

Identify and describe the three stages of socialization as defined by functionalist theorists.

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Question 9

Define socialization and explain why this process is essential for the individual and society.

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Question 10

Explain the key components of sociologist Charles Horton Cooley's looking-glass self theory and explain its contribution to our understanding of the socialization process.

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Question 11

Describe the moral development theory of psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg and discuss psychologist Carol Gilligan's view on gender and moral development.

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Question 12

Explain psychologist Sigmund Freud's views on human development through the conflict between individual desires and the demands of society.

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Question 13

A young woman decides that she wants to become a professional basketball player. She joins her school basketball team, reads articles about the best basketball players, and attends basketball camps. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of anticipatory socialization, where an individual prepares and learns for a role or position they aspire to have in the future. In this case, the young woman is preparing to become a professional basketball player by joining her school team, reading articles about successful players, and attending basketball camps.

Question 14

With regard to African American families,________________________  .

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Question 15

Explain why cases of isolated children are important to understanding the socialization process.

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Question 16

A(n) ____________ is a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institutions.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided for the term "total institution" matches the description given in the question. The other options (A, B, and D) do not specifically describe institutions where people are isolated from society and come under the control of officials.

Question 17

Distinguish between sociological and sociobiological perspectives on the development of human behavior.

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Question 18

Joe has decided to join a monastery. At this monastery, there will be silence for eight hours a day and fasting from food on a regular basis. Joe will experience____________  resocialization.

Accepted Answer

Joe's decision to join a monastery and adopt its practices, including silence and fasting, is a choice he makes willingly, indicating voluntary resocialization.

Question 19

____________ are the most likely to emphasize that during infancy and early childhood, family support and guidance are crucial to a child's developing self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists focus on how individuals develop and maintain their sense of self through social interaction and communication, particularly within the family during early stages of life. This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the subjective experiences of individuals and their meanings attached to their social interactions, which can have long-term impacts on their self-concept.

Question 20

Which of these is not an example of a total institution?

Accepted Answer

Although a university residence hall may have some characteristics of a total institution (such as strict rules and regulations), it does not fully meet the definition of a total institution, which involves complete control over an individual's daily life and activities. Monasteries, military basic training, and prisons, on the other hand, all exhibit a high degree of control over individuals and can be classified as total institutions.

Quiz 6: Deviance and Crime