Question 1

_____ management refers to the use of human resource management processes to ensure that each employee's activities and outputs are aligned with the organization's goals.
A)Performance
B)Functional
C)Event
D)Community

Accepted Answer

Performance management involves using HR processes to monitor and improve individual employee performance in order to align it with the organization's goals. Functional management refers to specific departments or divisions within an organization, and event management pertains to planning and organizing events. Community management typically refers to managing online communities or social media platforms.

Question 2

A _____ identifies the knowledge,skills,abilities,and other characteristics necessary for a job.
A)Job assessment
B)Job design
C)Job context
D)Job referral

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Kristin,who works at a travel agency,had made an error while entering client details into the client's itinerary and the travel agency was forced to refund the client's money.As a consequence,Kristin's boss deducted the amount of the refund from her paycheck.This is an example of a(n)_____.
A)Punishment
B)Negative reinforcement
C)Extinction
D)Arbitration

Accepted Answer

Deducting the amount of the refund from Kristin's paycheck is a form of punishment, as it is a consequence applied to decrease the likelihood of her making the same mistake in the future. Negative reinforcement would involve removing something negative to increase a behavior, extinction would involve removing a positive consequence to decrease a behavior, and arbitration is a process for resolving disputes that does not apply in this scenario.

Question 4

Which of the following is true about positive reinforcement?
A)It is administered before an undesired consequence occurs.
B)It is administered as a result of a desired consequence.
C)It is administered to prevent an undesired consequence from occurring.
D)It is administered after an undesired consequence occurs.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement involves administering a desirable consequence (such as praise or a reward) after a behavior in order to increase the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. It is not administered before or to prevent undesired consequences from occurring, and it is not administered after an undesired consequence occurs (that would be positive punishment).

Question 5

_____ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behaviour.
A)Compensatory reinforcement
B)Positive reinforcement
C)Variable reinforcement
D)Negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement is the removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior. It is a way of increasing the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future.

Question 6

As part of performance management,punishments are used:
A)To demonstrate power and authority.
B)To eliminate undesired behaviour.
C)To eliminate the need for positive or negative reinforcement.
D)To improve work quality through negative reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Punishments are used as a form of negative reinforcement to discourage undesired behavior and encourage appropriate behavior. It is not intended to demonstrate power and authority, eliminate the need for reinforcement or improve work quality through negative reinforcement.

Question 7

Extinction is the part of the performance management process that involves:
A)The removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behaviour.
B)The elimination of an undesirable behaviour by following the behaviour with an unpleasant consequence.
C)The absence of any reinforcement following the occurrence of a behaviour.
D)The elimination of a reinforcement following a behaviour once it has been administered.

Accepted Answer

Extinction is the process of removing any reinforcement following the occurrence of a behavior. This is done in order to discourage the behavior from being repeated in the future. Option A refers to negative reinforcement, Option B refers to punishment, and Option D refers to withdrawal of reinforcement after it has been provided.

Question 8

Rachel's boss sends out an e-mail to the whole organization congratulating her each time she acquires a new client for the organization.She also receives a tenth of her salary as an incentive for her achievement.This is an example of _____ reinforcement.
A)Positive
B)Compensatory
C)Negative
D)Variable

Accepted Answer

Rachel's boss is providing positive reinforcement by sending out congratulatory e-mails and offering a bonus for achieving a specific goal.

Question 9

Which of the following is a difference between the conventional approach to job analysis and the sustainable approach?
A)The conventional approach gathers information from subject matter experts whereas the sustainable approach includes more participation from stakeholders.
B)The conventional approach includes participation from stakeholders whereas the sustainable approach gathers information from subject matter experts.
C)The conventional approach places emphasis on the role of a job in the larger workflow of the department whereas the sustainable approach does not.
D)The conventional approach includes a benchmarking process whereas the sustainable approach does not.

Accepted Answer

The conventional approach relies more on information gathered from subject matter experts while the sustainable approach takes into account more participation from stakeholders.

Question 10

The first step in designing a job is:
A)Performing a situational analysis.
B)Screening of application forms.
C)Performing a job analysis.
D)Preparing a managerial grid.

Accepted Answer

The first step in designing a job is performing a job analysis, which involves identifying the tasks, responsibilities, and requirements of a specific job. This analysis provides the necessary information to create an accurate job description, which is essential for attracting the right candidates and ensuring that the job is performed effectively. Performing a situational analysis or preparing a managerial grid are not related to job design, while screening of application forms is a step in the recruitment process, which comes after job design.

Question 11

Larry,Steve's supervisor,has stopped responding to Steve's constant complaints that Larry is assigning too much work to him.As a consequence,Steve has stopped complaining to Larry,and this has also led to an improvement in his productivity.Which of the following reinforcement techniques did Larry utilize?
A)Negative
B)Extinction
C)Punishment
D)Variable

Accepted Answer

Larry used the extinction technique, which involves withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior (in this case, Larry stopped responding to Steve's complaints). As a result, the behavior (complaining) decreased, and productivity improved.

Question 12

During the job design process of identifying the KSAOs for a job,what does the letter A in the acronym KSAO stands for?
A)Abilities
B)Autocracy
C)Attrition
D)Analysis

Accepted Answer

In the acronym KSAO, the letter A stands for Abilities. KSAO stands for Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics, which are the essential qualifications required for a particular job.

Question 13

A _____ specifies the duties associated with the position as well as the knowledge,skills,education and training,credentials,prior experience,physical abilities,and other characteristics.
A)Job description
B)Job plan
C)Job context
D)Job itinerary

Accepted Answer

A job description is a document that outlines the responsibilities, duties, skills, and qualifications required for a particular position. It includes details about the job title, reporting relationships, job location, salary range, and work schedule. The job description provides a clear understanding of what is expected from the employee and is used in the recruitment and selection process, as well as for performance evaluation and career development.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the conventional approach to job analysis?
A)It is built on research findings from job characteristics theories.
B)It is oriented toward maximizing efficiency through broad specialization.
C)It is designed based on an organic structure.
D)It is strongly rooted in scientific management.

Accepted Answer

The conventional approach to job analysis is strongly rooted in scientific management, which emphasizes the need for standardization, efficiency, and predictable outcomes. This approach is often associated with Frederick Taylor, who developed principles for scientific management that aimed to reduce inefficiencies and improve productivity. The focus is on breaking down jobs into task-based components and identifying the most efficient way to complete each task. This approach is not based on job characteristics theories, organic structures, or broad specialization.

Question 15

The _____ model specifies how to increase the motivational potential of a job by improving the meaningfulness,autonomy,and feedback associated with the job.
A)Job contingency
B)Job characteristics
C)Managerial grid
D)Multidimensional

Accepted Answer

The Job Characteristics Model is a theory that proposes that job satisfaction and motivation can be improved by increasing certain job dimensions, namely skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. This model aims to increase the motivational potential of a job by enhancing the meaning and importance of the work, promoting employee autonomy, and providing feedback about job performance. The other models listed (Job Contingency, Managerial Grid, and Multidimensional) do not specifically focus on improving the motivational potential of a job.

Question 16

_____ seeks to decrease the frequency of or eliminate an undesirable behaviour by following the behaviour with an unpleasant consequence.
A)Cognitive reinforcement
B)Negative reinforcement
C)Extinction
D)Punishment

Accepted Answer

Punishment seeks to decrease the frequency of or eliminate an undesirable behaviour by following the behaviour with an unpleasant consequence. Cognitive reinforcement involves providing information to increase desired behaviour, negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase desired behaviour, and extinction involves removing reinforcement for undesired behaviour to decrease its occurrence.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about negative reinforcement?
A)It involves the demonstration of power and authority.
B)It involves avoiding undesired consequences.
C)It involves the removal of an unpleasant consequence.
D)It involves the removal of positive reinforcements.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant consequence in order to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior. This is different from punishment, which involves adding an unpleasant consequence to decrease the likelihood of an undesired behavior. Negative reinforcement is often used in conditioning and training, and involves rewarding a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes autonomy in the job characteristics model?
A)It refers to the degree to which work is understood to affect the lives of other people.
B)It refers to the extent to which the job provides freedom to decide how the work is done.
C)It refers to the extent to which the job tasks facilitate the completion of all or some of the projects.
D)It refers to the degree to which the work becomes standardized and mechanical to the workers.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy in the job characteristics model refers to the extent to which the job provides freedom to decide how the work is done. This means that individuals have control over how they perform their job tasks and are able to use their own judgment and decision-making skills to complete their work. Autonomy has been found to have a positive impact on job satisfaction and overall job performance.

Question 19

Which of the following is a way in which job autonomy can be increased?
A)Promoting cross training in jobs of similar complexity
B)Allowing employees more freedom and responsibility in the tasks
C)Making the organization more centralized
D)Providing adequate feedback on an employee's work

Accepted Answer

Job autonomy can be increased by allowing employees more freedom and responsibility in their tasks. This means giving them more control over their work, allowing them to make decisions independently, and trusting them to carry out their responsibilities without constant supervision or intervention from management.

Question 20

The human resources team at Crusty Corp.,an organization that is just a year old,plans to start a recruitment drive to add another level to the hierarchy of their finance department.The team is currently in discussions with the finance manager about the additional positions as well as the skill requirements.In this scenario,the process carried out by the human resources team refers to a _____.
A)Job assessment
B)Job analysis
C)Job classification
D)Job characterization

Accepted Answer

The process carried out by the human resources team is job analysis, as they are discussing skill requirements and determining the responsibilities of the new position. Job assessment, job classification, and job characterization are not applicable to this scenario.

Quiz 14: Organizational Structure and Change

_____ management refers to the use of human resource management processes to ensure that each employee's activities and outputs are aligned with the organization's goals.

A _____ identifies the knowledge,skills,abilities,and other characteristics necessary for a job.

Kristin,who works at a travel agency,had made an error while entering client details into the client's itinerary and the travel agency was forced to refund the client's money.As a consequence,Kristin's boss deducted the amount of the refund from her paycheck.This is an example of a(n) _____.

Which of the following is true about positive reinforcement?

_____ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behaviour.

As part of performance management,punishments are used:

Extinction is the part of the performance management process that involves:

Rachel's boss sends out an e-mail to the whole organization congratulating her each time she acquires a new client for the organization.She also receives a tenth of her salary as an incentive for her achievement.This is an example of _____ reinforcement.

Which of the following is a difference between the conventional approach to job analysis and the sustainable approach?

The first step in designing a job is:

During the job design process of identifying the KSAOs for a job,what does the letter A in the acronym KSAO stands for?

A _____ specifies the duties associated with the position as well as the knowledge,skills,education and training,credentials,prior experience,physical abilities,and other characteristics.

Which of the following is true about the conventional approach to job analysis?

The _____ model specifies how to increase the motivational potential of a job by improving the meaningfulness,autonomy,and feedback associated with the job.

_____ seeks to decrease the frequency of or eliminate an undesirable behaviour by following the behaviour with an unpleasant consequence.

Which of the following is true about negative reinforcement?

Which of the following best describes autonomy in the job characteristics model?

Which of the following is a way in which job autonomy can be increased?