Question 1

Using an ethnic label such as Asian or Latino in a way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogenous than it is,is known as

Accepted Answer

Ethnic gloss refers to the oversimplification or generalization of ethnic groups, treating them as more uniform than they actually are. This term captures the essence of overlooking the diversity and differences within a single ethnic label.

Question 2

Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the weakest correlation?

Accepted Answer

The closer the value of the correlation coefficient is to 0, the weaker the correlation. Therefore, the correlation coefficient of -.10 shows the weakest correlation.

Question 3

The type of research that involves studying people all at the same time is known as

Accepted Answer

In cross-sectional research, different age groups or other demographic groups are studied at the same time. It allows researchers to gather information about multiple groups quickly and efficiently.

Question 4

Professor Kelly is interested in seeing how adolescents' prosocial behavior changes over time.He assesses a group of adolescents at ages 12,15,and 18.Professor Kelly is doing ________ research.

Accepted Answer

Professor Kelly is observing the same group of adolescents over a period of time, which is a characteristic of a longitudinal study. A sequential study involves observing multiple age groups over time, while a cross-sectional study involves observing different age groups at the same point in time. An experimental study involves manipulating variables to determine cause and effect, which is not mentioned in the scenario.

Question 5

Professor Sands studies the relationship between the number of minutes that an adolescent spends text messaging each semester and his/her grades in school.She found a correlation of +.60.What can we conclude from this report?

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient shows a positive relationship between the amount of text messaging and academic grades. However, correlation does not imply causation, so we cannot conclude that text messaging causes lower or higher grades. It could be that students who already struggle academically tend to text message more, or that high achievers are able to balance text messaging with their school work.

Question 6

The variable that is measured and that is expected to change as a result of experimental research is the

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable that is measured and expected to change as a result of experimental research. The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher to see if it has an effect on the dependent variable. Extraneous variables are any variables other than the independent variable that could potentially affect the dependent variable and therefore need to be controlled for in the research design. Experimental variable is not a commonly used term in research.

Question 7

Three doctoral students are using correlational research designs for their dissertation research.When all of the work is done,Marilyn's data yielded a correlation coefficient of -.45,Susan's data was at +.30 and Bryan's data a -.50.Which student's data shows the strongest correlation between variables?

Accepted Answer

Bryan's data shows the strongest correlation between variables with a correlation coefficient of -.50. The strength of a correlation is determined by the absolute value of the correlation coefficient, regardless of the sign.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about gender bias is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All the statements provided accurately describe different aspects of gender bias, including its definition, the magnification of gender differences, and the issue of drawing conclusions about one gender based on research conducted on another.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding correlational research is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The goal of correlational research is not to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships, but rather to describe and measure the strength and direction of the relationship between two or more variables. Correlational research cannot establish causation because it does not involve experimental manipulation or control of variables.

Question 10

Dr.Tremble sends out surveys to faculty at 57 randomly selected colleges to assess their perceptions of faculty harassment.This is an example of ________ research.

Accepted Answer

The study is not manipulating any variables, but rather collecting data through surveys to describe the perceptions of faculty harassment. Therefore, it is an example of descriptive research.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about experimental research is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design can use both experimental and control groups to compare the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable. Therefore, statement C is not true.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the APA's guidelines for ethical research?

Accepted Answer

Full disclosure to participants regarding the exact nature of the research is not always required or feasible, especially in studies involving deception. The APA guidelines allow for some exceptions to full disclosure to ensure the integrity of the research process, as long as the study does not harm the participants and they are debriefed afterwards.

Question 13

A disadvantage of longitudinal research is

Accepted Answer

All three options are a disadvantage of longitudinal research. Longitudinal research requires a significant amount of time and money to conduct. Additionally, there is a risk of attrition or loss of participants over time, which may result in changes in the sample composition and limit the generalizability of findings to the original population.

Question 14

Assigning participants to experimental or control groups by chance is known as

Accepted Answer

Random assignment ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control group, which helps to minimize confounding variables and increase the internal validity of the study. Lottery assignment, nonrandom assignment, and convenience assignment do not involve chance and therefore do not provide this same level of control.

Question 15

Melissa has agreed to participate in a 90-day study of food preferences among adolescents.After participating for two weeks,Melissa wants to withdraw from the study because it is taking too much of her time.According to the APA guidelines

Accepted Answer

According to the APA guidelines, participants have the right to withdraw from a study at any time for any reason without penalty. Melissa does not need to give a notice or have a valid reason to withdraw.

Question 16

The factor that is manipulated in experimental research is the

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated in experimental research. It is the variable that researchers change or control in order to observe its effects on the dependent variable. The dependent variable, on the other hand, is the variable that is measured or observed to see how it changes in response to the independent variable. Extraneous variables are variables that are not of interest in the study but can potentially affect the results, and researchers try to control for them to ensure that they do not affect the validity of the study.

Question 17

Compare and contrast G.Stanley Hall's "storm and stress" view of adolescence with the inventionist view.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast G.Stanley Hall's "storm and...

Question 18

A disadvantage of cross-sectional research is

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research only provides a snapshot of a specific moment in time and does not follow individuals over time, so it cannot capture how individuals change. This is a significant disadvantage if the research goal is to study development or change over time. The other options are not accurate as A is a description of cross-sectional research, B is too vague and subjective a statement, and D is not necessarily true as cross-sectional research can be less time-consuming and expensive than longitudinal research.

Question 19

The three main types of research designs are descriptive,correlational,and

Accepted Answer

The three main types of research designs are descriptive, correlational, and experimental. The only option that completes the list with a different type of research design is C, experimental. A is incorrect as observational research design falls under the category of descriptive research design. B and D are not valid terms for types of research designs.

Question 20

A research method in which a single individual is examined in depth is called the

Accepted Answer

The case-study method is a research method in which a single individual is examined in depth. This method is often used in psychology and medicine to gain a detailed understanding of a specific case or patient. It is a qualitative research method that allows for rich, detailed data collection and analysis. The other options, single-subject design, observational design, and descriptive method, are not specific to examining a single individual in depth.

Quiz 1: Introduction