Question 1

Ursula chose to have her baby at home with a midwife.However,when Ursula was born her mother went to a hospital and does not remember anything about the birth.What changed during the two generations?

Accepted Answer

Ursula's choice of having a home birth with a midwife signifies a shift towards viewing childbirth as a natural event rather than a medical one. This represents a change from the previous generation where Ursula's mother gave birth in a hospital, indicating that childbirth was viewed more as a medical event than a natural one.

Question 2

________ is defined as the inability to get pregnant after one year of trying.

Accepted Answer

Infertility is defined as the inability to get pregnant after one year of trying. ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) and IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) are methods used to assist with infertility, while surrogacy is a separate option for couples or individuals who are unable to carry a pregnancy to term themselves.

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates that the medicalization of childbirth continues today?

Accepted Answer

The fact that one-third of all babies are delivered by C-section indicates that childbirth is increasingly being viewed as a medical procedure rather than a natural event. This illustrates the continued medicalization of childbirth, as it suggests that more and more women are opting for medical interventions rather than natural childbirth.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about fertility in the United States is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Hispanics have historically had higher fertility rates compared to other ethnic groups in the U.S., while Native Americans/Alaska Natives tend to have lower fertility rates.

Question 5

Wong is doing research in a country with a contraceptive use rate below 25% and a general fertility rate of 7.What assumption can be made about this country?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wong is doing research in a country...

Question 6

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the consequences of fathers' multiple partner fertility?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that preschoolers with fathers who have had multiple partner fertility exhibit more behavioral problems such as difficulty concentrating and acting defiantly. This can be attributed to disrupted family dynamics and lack of consistent father involvement. The other options stated in the question do not accurately reflect the consequences of fathers' multiple partner fertility.

Question 7

In addition to the fertility rate,the median age of a country also reflects its

Accepted Answer

The median age of a country is influenced by its mortality rate, as countries with higher mortality rates will have a lower median age due to a larger percentage of deaths occurring at younger ages. The other options (marriage rate, divorce rate, child evaluation rate) are not directly related to median age.

Question 8

In 1820,in addition to the woman in labor,who would have been present at the birth of a child?

Accepted Answer

In 1820, it was common for the mother and other female family members, such as sisters, to be present during a birth. Additionally, a midwife would often be present to assist with the delivery. Fathers were typically not present and physicians were only called in for complicated or high-risk births.

Question 9

An adoption where birth parents and adoptive parents exchange information from their social worker but have no direct contact is known as a(n)________ adoption.

Accepted Answer

A semi-open adoption is where the birth parents and adoptive parents exchange information through a third-party, typically a social worker or agency, but do not have direct contact with each other. Open adoption involves direct contact between the birth parents and adoptive parents, while a closed adoption involves no contact or exchange of information between the birth parents and adoptive parents. A semi-closed adoption is not a commonly used term in adoption and can be used interchangeably with semi-open adoption.

Question 10

Economists refer to out-of-pocket expenses for children for things such as food,clothing,housing,and education as

Accepted Answer

Out-of-pocket expenses such as food, clothing, housing, and education are direct financial costs because they directly impact a family's budget and require actual monetary expenditures. Opportunity costs refer to the value of foregone alternatives, related costs refer to costs associated with a particular decision, and unrelated costs do not have any connection to the decision at hand.

Question 11

Countries with ________ fertility rates tend to have _______ mortality rates.

Accepted Answer

Countries with lower fertility rates tend to have lower mortality rates, often due to better healthcare, education, and economic conditions.

Question 12

The average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime is called

Accepted Answer

The total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime. The other answer choices are incorrect: 
A) The general fertility rate is the number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age. 
C) There is no such thing as a maternal fertility rate. 
D) The crude fertility rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population.

Question 13

The U.S.Department of Agriculture estimates that a typical middle-class,two-parent family will spend about ________ raising a child born today until the age of 18.

Accepted Answer

According to the given information, the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that a typical middle-class, two-parent family will spend about $234,000 raising a child born today until the age of 18, which is the closest answer available. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 14

Why do research studies tend to focus on the costs of having children rather than the rewards of parenthood?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the rewards of parenthood can be complex and subjective, while the costs, such as financial expenses and time commitments, are more tangible and can be quantified more easily. Therefore, research studies tend to focus more on the costs of having children.

Question 15

Which value is found in cultures that encourage couples to have children and believe that not having children is selfish?

Accepted Answer

The value of pronatalism is found in cultures that encourage couples to have children and often view not having children as selfish.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about those who are childfree is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

According to a 2018 report by the Pew Research Center, white adults are more likely to be childfree than either black or Asian American adults.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about adoption is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that children growing up with same-sex parents are just as happy and well-adjusted as children with heterosexual parents. A longitudinal study conducted over 20 years did find that minority children placed in White homes often do not develop positive racial and ethnic identities and know little of their history and culture, but this is not true for all adoptions. Single men are allowed to legally adopt children under the age of 12, so option B is incorrect. While the number of children adopted internationally was at an all-time high in 2009, it has since decreased, so option D is also incorrect.

Question 18

Which country allowed couples to have only one child until recently?

Accepted Answer

China had a one-child policy which was implemented in 1979 to curb population growth. This policy was revised in 2016 which allowed couples to have two children.

Question 19

Suzanna,who lives in Seattle,is due to have her second child in four weeks.Her doctor says everything looks fine,but suggests that she have a C-section since she had one with her first child.What should Suzanna know before she makes her decision?

Accepted Answer

Suzanna should be aware that having a natural delivery after a previous C-section carries a very small risk of uterine rupture. This information may affect her decision to have a C-section or not. The other options presented are not entirely accurate - while the World Health Organization has expressed concerns over high rates of unnecessary C-sections, they still recognize the procedure as safe and lifesaving when necessary. C-sections do not necessarily improve mortality statistics and can carry risks for both mother and child. And while recovery time may vary between natural delivery and C-sections, there is no clear consensus on which is always faster.

Question 20

Fertility researchers Dr.Kua and Dr.Farrell have calculated that the average number of children born in their country is 2.5 per woman.Which statement accurately describes this result?

Accepted Answer

The statement "the average number of children born in their country is 2.5 per woman" refers to the total fertility rate (TFR). A TFR of 2.1 children per woman is generally considered to be the replacement rate, meaning that each generation replaces itself without any population growth or decline. As the average number of children per woman is 2.5, this suggests that the TFR in this country is greater than the replacement rate. Therefore, option D is correct.

Quiz 9: Becoming a Parent