Question 1

From whom did the Nazis receive much of their early support?

Accepted Answer

The Nazis received much of their early support from middle-class businessmen who were disillusioned with the Weimar Republic and feared the rise of communism.

Question 2

What action did Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss take in response to a general strike in Vienna in 1934?

Accepted Answer

In response to the general strike in Vienna in 1934, Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss banned all political parties except the fascist Fatherland Front. This move helped solidify his power and suppress opposition.

Question 3

How did Stalin remake Soviet agriculture with the first Five-Year Plan?

Accepted Answer

Stalin collectivized farms in the Soviet Union, which eliminated private ownership of land and animals. This was a major change from the previous system of individual farming and was intended to increase agricultural productivity by organizing large, cooperative farms. Collectivization was accompanied by violence and coercion, with many individual farmers resisting the policy and being labeled as enemies of the state. The first Five-Year Plan aimed to increase agricultural production by modernizing machinery and techniques, improving infrastructure, and promoting education and training for collectivized farmers.

Question 4

What set of laws,decreed in 1935,deprived Jews of citizenship and forbade marriages between Jewish and non-Jewish Germans?

Accepted Answer

The Nuremberg Laws were decreed in 1935 and included the Reich Citizenship Law, which stripped Jews of citizenship, and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, which forbade marriages between Jewish and non-Jewish Germans. The other choices (Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, and Frankfurt Laws) do not refer to specific laws that targeted Jews or their citizenship.

Question 5

Who was responsible for orchestrating the cult of Hitler in his role as minister of propaganda?

Accepted Answer

Joseph Goebbels was responsible for orchestrating the cult of Hitler in his role as minister of propaganda. He was known for his skills in propaganda and played a significant role in creating an image of Hitler as a strong and charismatic leader. He used various forms of media, including newspapers, films, and rallies, to propagate Nazi ideology and promote Hitler as the savior of Germany.

Question 6

What role did Mussolini envision for women in society?

Accepted Answer

Mussolini's vision for women in society was very traditional and conservative. He believed that women's primary role was to be wives and mothers and to take care of the home and family. He believed that women should stay out of politics and the workforce as much as possible, and that their main purpose was to support their husbands and raise strong, healthy children to serve the state. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 7

Who was the first right-wing dictator to come to power in interwar Europe?

Accepted Answer

Benito Mussolini became the first right-wing dictator in interwar Europe when he came to power in Italy in 1922, establishing a fascist regime.

Question 8

What name was given to anti-Semitic attacks across Germany on November 9,1938,following the murder of a German embassy official in Paris?

Accepted Answer

The name given to anti-Semitic attacks across Germany on November 9, 1938, following the murder of a German embassy official in Paris is Kristallnacht. This event, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, marked a turning point in Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews, as it resulted in the destruction of Jewish businesses, homes, synagogues, and schools, and the arrest and deportation of thousands of Jews to concentration camps.

Question 9

Whereas the Nazi Party's paramilitary organization,the S.A. ,wore brown shirts,Italy's Fascist squadristi wore what color?

Accepted Answer

Italy's Fascist squadristi wore black shirts.

Question 10

The murders of the "Night of the Long Knives," on June 30,1934,were meant to accomplish what goal?

Accepted Answer

The "Night of the Long Knives" was Hitler's way of eliminating a potential rival power base in the S.A. led by Ernst Röhm, which he saw as too independent and threatening to his own control. The elimination of Röhm and other high-ranking members of the S.A. allowed Hitler to consolidate power and ensure the loyalty of the German military.

Question 11

To what did the term Lebensraum refer in Hitler's plans for foreign policy?

Accepted Answer

Lebensraum referred to the conquest of "living space" for Germans in Eastern Europe in Hitler's plans for foreign policy. He believed that Germans needed more territory to support their growing population and to establish Germany as a dominant world power. This led to the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the start of World War II.

Question 12

For what reason did many mainstream politicians support Benito Mussolini as prime minister,even though the Fascist Party held few seats in the Italian parliament?

Accepted Answer

Many mainstream politicians supported Mussolini because he promised to restore social order. Italy was facing economic and social challenges, including widespread strikes and protests, and there was a perceived need for a strong leader who could restore stability. Mussolini presented himself as such a leader, and he was able to gain support from various factions, including conservative politicians, industrialists, and the Catholic Church. Additionally, some politicians may have supported Mussolini as a means of countering the growing influence of the Communist Party in Italy.

Question 13

Which African nation did Italy invade in 1935 to expand its empire?

Accepted Answer

Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935 with the aim of expanding its colonial empire. This act of aggression was condemned by the international community, but Italy was able to conquer Ethiopia and establish it as a colony until 1941 when it was liberated by Allied forces during World War II.

Question 14

Agriculture in what part of Europe remained depressed even in the 1920s,due to cheap imports from overseas and tariff barriers?

Accepted Answer

Agriculture in Eastern Europe and the Balkans remained depressed in the 1920s due to competition from cheap imports from overseas and the impact of tariff barriers, which hindered their ability to compete in international markets.

Question 15

What leader transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian communist state in the 1920s and 1930s?

Accepted Answer

Joseph Stalin was the leader who transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian communist state in the 1920s and 1930s. He established a dictatorship and implemented policies of rapid industrialization and collectivization, which caused widespread famine and the death of millions of people through purges and forced labor camps. His regime was characterized by strict control over every aspect of society and a cult of personality around himself.

Question 16

The Nazi secret police,which was responsible for repressing political opposition,was known as what?

Accepted Answer

The Gestapo (short for Geheime Staatspolizei) was the secret police force of Nazi Germany, responsible for repressing political opposition and enforcing the policies of the Nazi regime.

Question 17

Adolf Hitler combined anti-Semitic rhetoric with rhetoric against what political ideology?

Accepted Answer

Adolf Hitler combined anti-Semitic rhetoric with rhetoric against communism. He and his Nazi party blamed Jews and communists for many problems in Germany, and Hitler saw communism as a threat to Nazi ideology and his plans for world domination.

Question 18

Radical,Socialist,and Communist parties in France joined together against the far right to form the

Accepted Answer

The Radical, Socialist, and Communist parties in France formed the Popular Front in 1936 to counter the rising influence of far-right groups, such as the Croix de Feu and the Faisceau movement. The Popular Front won the 1936 elections and implemented progressive reforms, such as a 40-hour workweek, paid vacations, and collective bargaining rights.

Question 19

Which English economist challenged economic orthodoxy by suggesting that recovery would depend on increased government expenditures to stimulate consumer spending?

Accepted Answer

John Maynard Keynes challenged the economic orthodoxy by suggesting that during a recession, increased government expenditures to stimulate consumer spending would lead to recovery. His ideas were presented in his book "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money" published in 1936.

Question 20

Whereas communists proposed unity based on class,fascists proposed unity based on

Accepted Answer

Fascists proposed unity based on national identity, emphasizing the importance of one's country and the idea of a strong, unified nation. Religion, wealth, Europeanness, and civilization were not the primary focus of fascist ideology.

Quiz 25: The Europe of Economic Depression and Dictatorship