Question 1

Commenting on government plans to legislate public health,The Times commented,

Accepted Answer

The quote "We prefer to take our chance on cholera and the rest than be bullied into health." reflects a historical resistance to government intervention in public health, which aligns with attitudes during the time when governments began to legislate on public health matters.

Question 2

Zemstvos and dumas were

Accepted Answer

Zemstvos were district assemblies in Russia that were responsible for local administration and social welfare, while dumas were city councils that were responsible for governing cities.

Question 3

During the Crimean War,what was responsible for the most deaths?

Accepted Answer

Disease was responsible for the most deaths during the Crimean War. Poor sanitation, overcrowded hospitals, and lack of proper medical care led to the spread of diseases such as cholera, typhus, and dysentery among soldiers.

Question 4

By the 1860s,France's major export was

Accepted Answer

By the 1860s, France's major export was capital, as French investors were heavily involved in investing abroad, particularly in railroad construction and other industrial enterprises across Europe, the Americas, and the Ottoman Empire.

Question 5

"Bureaucracy" was a new term in Victorian Britain;when the queen asked for a definition she was told,

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Bureaucracy" was a new term in Victorian...

Question 6

Benjamin Disraeli was an atypical leader among nineteenth-century British conservatives because he

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Disraeli was indeed an atypical leader among nineteenth-century British conservatives because he was born Jewish and came from a modest background. This set him apart in a political and social environment that was predominantly Anglican and aristocratic.

Question 7

What was "Bloody Sunday"?

Accepted Answer

Bloody Sunday refers to the day on January 22, 1905, when a peaceful demonstration in St. Petersburg was met with violence by the Russian army, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of unarmed protesters. It is considered a pivotal moment in Russian history and led to widespread protests and strikes across the country, ultimately contributing to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Question 8

Why did the Russian army lose the Russo-Japanese War?

Accepted Answer

The Russian army was poorly armed and led, and their transportation system was insufficient. The Japanese, on the other hand, were well-equipped and well-trained. As a result, the Russians suffered significant losses in the war.

Question 9

Which Russian leader was said to resemble a "provincial grocer"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Russian leader was said to resemble...

Question 10

What were the beliefs of the Russian "Westernizers"?

Accepted Answer

The Russian "Westernizers" believed that Russia should look to the West for models of political, social, and economic development. This involved adopting western values and institutions to modernize and transform Russia into a more progressive and civilized society. They believed that Russia could only achieve progress and catch up with the West by embracing the ideals of the Enlightenment and liberalism.

Question 11

What were the beliefs of the Russian "Slavophiles"?

Accepted Answer

The Russian "Slavophiles" believed in the unique social and religious characteristics of Russia and how they could save the country from the negative effects of modernization. They believed in the superiority of Russian culture and traditions, and the importance of maintaining them in the face of Westernization. There is no evidence to suggest that they believed in slavery or reparations for former slaves, or that they considered Slovaks or Slovenes as brothers to the Russian people.

Question 12

In the pamphlet What Is to Be Done?,

Accepted Answer

The pamphlet What Is to Be Done? was written by Lenin and established the basic tenets of a new revolutionary party. It focused on the need for a highly disciplined and centralized party organization, with professional revolutionaries at the core, in order to lead the working-class masses to overthrow the capitalist system.

Question 13

Shortly after the French Third Republic was established,the royalists came close to forming a common party.They failed because the pretender to the throne

Accepted Answer

The pretender to the throne did not want to be king and use the tricolor flag of the French Revolution. This was a sticking point for the royalists who wanted to form a common party.

Question 14

In the mid-nineteenth century in Britain,the term "Victorian" meant

Accepted Answer

The term "Victorian" in mid-nineteenth century Britain referred to the moral, hardworking, and confident British middle class. It was characterized by a strict adherence to social norms and values, such as thrift, self-help, and respectability. The period was named after Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901, and was seen as a symbol of these values. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 15

Who were the "nihilists"?

Accepted Answer

The nihilists were a Russian group that rejected all established order, including religious, political, and social structures in the late 19th century. They believed in individual freedom and anarchism and often used violence to achieve their goals.

Question 16

The book On the Origins of Species by Charles Darwin helped support what Victorian ideal?

Accepted Answer

On the Origins of Species by Charles Darwin helped support the Victorian ideal of social Darwinism, which asserted that the competition would determine those who were fit to rule. This notion was based on Darwin's idea of natural selection, where only the fittest species would survive and thrive in their environment.

Question 17

What were "Land and Freedom" and "The People's Will"?

Accepted Answer

"Land and Freedom" and "The People's Will" were both revolutionary organizations in Russia that sought political change through violent means, including assassination and insurrection, during the late 19th century.

Question 18

By the middle of the nineteenth century,what empire was known as "the sick man of Europe"?

Accepted Answer

The Ottoman Empire was known as "the sick man of Europe" by the middle of the nineteenth century due to its economic and military decline, as well as internal political instability.

Question 19

Why was Russia able to free its serfs practically without bloodshed,yet in the United States,it took a civil war to free the slaves?

Accepted Answer

The Russian government exercised more centralized authority than the U.S. government, and the Russian nobility did not consider private property a fundamental right the way Americans did. This allowed for the government to pass and enforce legislation freeing the serfs without facing significant opposition from the nobility. In contrast, the American government faced greater opposition from slaveholders who viewed owning slaves as a fundamental right and were willing to use violence to defend it, ultimately leading to the Civil War.

Question 20

What is the English translation of the Russian word soviet?

Accepted Answer

Soviet is a Russian word meaning council, specifically a council of workers, soldiers, or peasants in Russia before 1917, or a local government council in the Soviet Union.

Quiz 18: Three Powers in the Age of Liberalism: Parliamentary Britain, Tsarist Russia, and Republican France