Question 1

According to the social learning explanation for gender- role development, the identification process results from the psychosexual dynamics of rivalry and unconscious sexual desire rather than from principles of learning.

Accepted Answer

According to the social learning explanation for gender-role development, the identification process results from principles of learning, including observation, reinforcement, and modeling, rather than psychosexual dynamics.

Question 2

According to Perner, Ruffman and Leekam (1994), theory- of- mind develops more quickly in children who have siblings than in only children who have only their parents to play and interact with at home.

Accepted Answer

According to Perner, Ruffman and Leekam (1994), having siblings helps with the development of theory-of-mind as children have more opportunities to interact and engage in social situations where they need to consider the thoughts and feelings of others.

Question 3

____________ is the realisation that one's biological gender as male or female is unchangeable, short of something as drastic as a sex- change operation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ is the realisation that one's biological...

Question 4

Large- scale comparisons between the IQ scores of children from families of two or three reveal that first- born children with siblings score consistently ____________ than only children from similarly intellectually stimulating home backgrounds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Large- scale comparisons between the IQ scores...

Question 5

There are ____________ lasting social, emotional or personality deficits found to result from growing up as an only child without any brothers or sisters to interact with.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are ____________ lasting social, emotional or...

Question 6

The sex roles typically portrayed on TV tend to be highly traditional and stereotyped.

Accepted Answer

Studies and analyses have shown that TV shows and movies often depict gender roles and relationships in stereotypical ways, with men as dominant and women as submissive or dependent. This reinforces harmful gender norms and can contribute to unequal treatment and opportunities for individuals in real life.

Question 7

Bem's (1983) ____________ theory explains the child's mastery of a sex role in terms of information processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bem's (1983) ____________ theory explains the child's...

Question 8

According to Pines (1981), longitudinal evidence shows that adults who grew up as only children average lower scores on many indices of social and mental health than those with siblings, as well as often having lower IQs.

Accepted Answer

Pines (1981) does not provide evidence that only children have lower social and mental health indices or lower IQs compared to those with siblings. In fact, research on only children often shows they perform equally well or better on various psychological and achievement measures.

Question 9

Children who are unpopular with their classroom peers in school can sometimes achieve a more positive peer experience when playing with mixed- age peer groups in the neighbourhood.

Accepted Answer

Research has suggested that children who struggle to fit in with their same-age peers in school may benefit from mixed-age play groups in their neighbourhood. The mixed-age nature of these groups allows for more diverse social interactions and can potentially lead to better social outcomes for the child.

Question 10

As Bem (1975) ____________ defined it, consists of a flexible blend of socially desirable masculine and feminine sex- role attributes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As Bem (1975) ____________ defined it, consists...

Question 11

According to Baumrind, parents' childrearing styles were closely linked with their offspring's developmental outcomes, with the authoritarian parenting style producing especially good results.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. Baumrind actually found that the authoritative parenting style (not authoritarian) was associated with the most positive developmental outcomes for children. The authoritarian style was associated with more negative outcomes, and the permissive style was associated with mixed outcomes.

Question 12

According to Larzelere, (1986) in a large- scale study of three- to 17- year- olds whose parents had spanked them frequently, the children were found to be more ____________ towards their peers and siblings than the matched offspring of parents who used
non- violent forms of discipline.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Larzelere, (1986) in a large-...

Question 13

Research evidence (Peterson and Siegal, 2002) shows that children who are rejected by their peer group as a whole, yet have one stable mutual friendship, score significantly higher on measures of social cognition, theory- of- mind development and moral understanding than rejected children without any mutual friends.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the findings of a study by Peterson and Siegal (2002) on rejected children and mutual friendships. Children with one stable mutual friendship had better social cognition, theory-of-mind development, and moral understanding than rejected children without any mutual friends.

Question 14

According to Maccoby (1998), adults spend more time cuddling, talking with, singing to and giving toys to babies they believe are male than when the same infant is introduced to them as a girl.

Accepted Answer

Maccoby (1998) did not specifically state that adults spend more time cuddling, talking with, singing to, and giving toys to babies they believe are male than to those introduced as female. This statement misrepresents the findings and discussions in Maccoby's work on gender differences and socialization.

Question 15

When parents explain things and give their children reasons for desired behaviour, they supply a cognitive framework that can motivate compliance and clarify social understanding of a theory of mind.

Accepted Answer

Providing reasons and explanations can help children understand the reasoning behind desired behavior and can facilitate social cognition and theory of mind development.

Question 16

Asher, Renshaw and Hymel (1982) asked a group of 522 mid- western American children aged eight to 12 years how often they felt lonely, they discovered that approximately 35 percent of each age group felt so lonely and isolated from their peers as to be extremely unhappy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Asher, Renshaw and Hymel (1982) asked a...

Question 17

According to Dockett and her colleagues (2002), Indigenous Australian parents place a strong emphasis on warm and supportive social relationships with peers and teachers in school.

Accepted Answer

According to Dockett and her colleagues (2002), Indigenous Australian parents place a strong emphasis on warm and supportive social relationships with peers and teachers in school.

Question 18

Socially defined ____________ describe the stereotypic patterns of attitudes, personality and behaviour that distinguish males from females as social entities at certain ages, within a particular culture, during a particular phase in that culture's history.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Socially defined ____________ describe the stereotypic patterns...

Question 19

According to Turiel (1977), most children aged three and older realise that basic moral rules are universal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Turiel (1977), most children aged...

Question 20

Siblings, unlike parents, exert little important influence on each others' psychological development.

Accepted Answer

Siblings can have a significant impact on each other's psychological development through socialization, modeling, and interaction. Research shows that sibling relationships can influence personality traits, mental health outcomes, and social skills.

Quiz 8: Middle Childhood: Social, Personality and Sex-Role Development

According to the social learning explanation for gender- role development, the identification process results from the psychosexual dynamics of rivalry and unconscious sexual desire rather than from principles of learning.

According to Perner, Ruffman and Leekam (1994), theory- of- mind develops more quickly in children who have siblings than in only children who have only their parents to play and interact with at home.

____________ is the realisation that one's biological gender as male or female is unchangeable, short of something as drastic as a sex- change operation.

Large- scale comparisons between the IQ scores of children from families of two or three reveal that first- born children with siblings score consistently ____________ than only children from similarly intellectually stimulating home backgrounds.

There are ____________ lasting social, emotional or personality deficits found to result from growing up as an only child without any brothers or sisters to interact with.

The sex roles typically portrayed on TV tend to be highly traditional and stereotyped.

Bem's (1983) ____________ theory explains the child's mastery of a sex role in terms of information processing.

According to Pines (1981), longitudinal evidence shows that adults who grew up as only children average lower scores on many indices of social and mental health than those with siblings, as well as often having lower IQs.

Children who are unpopular with their classroom peers in school can sometimes achieve a more positive peer experience when playing with mixed- age peer groups in the neighbourhood.

As Bem (1975) ____________ defined it, consists of a flexible blend of socially desirable masculine and feminine sex- role attributes.

According to Baumrind, parents' childrearing styles were closely linked with their offspring's developmental outcomes, with the authoritarian parenting style producing especially good results.

According to Larzelere, (1986) in a large- scale study of three- to 17- year- olds whose parents had spanked them frequently, the children were found to be more ____________ towards their peers and siblings than the matched offspring of parents who used non- violent forms of discipline.

According to Maccoby (1998), adults spend more time cuddling, talking with, singing to and giving toys to babies they believe are male than when the same infant is introduced to them as a girl.

When parents explain things and give their children reasons for desired behaviour, they supply a cognitive framework that can motivate compliance and clarify social understanding of a theory of mind.

Asher, Renshaw and Hymel (1982) asked a group of 522 mid- western American children aged eight to 12 years how often they felt lonely, they discovered that approximately 35 percent of each age group felt so lonely and isolated from their peers as to be extremely unhappy.

According to Dockett and her colleagues (2002), Indigenous Australian parents place a strong emphasis on warm and supportive social relationships with peers and teachers in school.

Socially defined ____________ describe the stereotypic patterns of attitudes, personality and behaviour that distinguish males from females as social entities at certain ages, within a particular culture, during a particular phase in that culture's history.

According to Turiel (1977), most children aged three and older realise that basic moral rules are universal.

Siblings, unlike parents, exert little important influence on each others' psychological development.