Question 1

Untrained adults can determine the 'basic' emotions being experienced by an infant through observation of the facial expressions of an infant as young as seven months.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that even untrained adults can reliably identify the basic emotions (such as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and surprise) being experienced by an infant through observation of their facial expressions as young as seven months. This suggests that the expression of basic emotions is a universal trait in humans.

Question 2

When the mother is the primary caregiver who remains at home with the baby full time, and engages in most of the routine comfort- giving activities of feeding, changing, soothing and bathing, some infants attach themselves to their working father first.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Some infants may attach themselves to their working father first, even if the mother is the primary caregiver who remains at home with the baby full time. This can happen due to a variety of reasons such as the father's availability during non-routine times, the father's unique style of interaction, or the infant's individual temperament.

Question 3

The ease with which a child adapts to, or fits in with, changes in the environment is referred to as ___________

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ease with which a child adapts...

Question 4

By ___________ months of age, infants typically display a consistent preference to look at a photo of a smiling, rather than an emotionally neutral, stranger.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By ___________ months of age, infants typically...

Question 5

According to Young et al. (1999), toddlers who had been highly active and negative in mood at four months were ___________ altruistic and empathic at age two.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Young et al. (1999), toddlers...

Question 6

The strength of stimulation necessary to evoke a discernible response is referred to as distractibility.

Accepted Answer

The strength of stimulation necessary to evoke a discernible response is actually referred to as threshold, not distractibility.

Question 7

Research suggests that early experiences, in the form of the childrearing strategies parents use to soothe, feed and train their young infants, do not shape the growth of personality.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that early experiences, including childrearing strategies, can have an impact on the growth of personality.

Question 8

As they are genetically identical, monozygotic twins display an almost identical temperament.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins, while genetically identical, can display differences in temperament due to environmental factors, unique experiences, and epigenetic changes.

Question 9

Traditional Aboriginal women in remote communities are more likely to opt for breastfeeding, and tend to breastfeed for longer, than their counterparts in cities and country towns.

Accepted Answer

According to studies and research, traditional Aboriginal women in remote communities are more likely to breastfeed and continue to breastfeed for a longer duration compared to women in cities and country towns.

Question 10

An infant's personality is as complex and multifaceted as an adult's personality, they are just unable to communicate this complexity to those around them.

Accepted Answer

An infant's personality is not as complex as an adult's because their cognitive and emotional development is still in the early stages, and they have not yet experienced or learned enough to develop a fully complex personality.

Question 11

The results of the National Institute of Child Health and Development (1997) comprehensive investigation found that out- of- home child care had no effect per se on the probability of an infant developing either a secure or an insecure attachment.

Accepted Answer

The National Institute of Child Health and Development (1997) found that out-of-home child care had no effect on the probability of an infant developing either a secure or an insecure attachment.

Question 12

The balance of happiness to sadness and moodiness is one of the most important dimensions of infant temperament through the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

The balance of happiness to sadness and moodiness is indeed one of the most important dimensions of infant temperament, and it can have lasting effects on a person's behavior and well-being throughout their lifespan.

Question 13

Rebelsky and Hanks (1971) found that, on average, the fathers in their study spent 38 seconds a day (24- hour period) talking to their babies during the first three months of their infant's life.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the findings of Rebelsky and Hanks (1971) that fathers in their study spent an average of 38 seconds per day talking to their babies during the first three months of their infant's life.

Question 14

According to the stranger fear concept, if an infant's initial attachment is to the mother, the mother's biological sister (who has not seen her infant niece for a few weeks) is the least likely person to provoke an intense fear reaction, if she approaches the baby and smiles or tries to hold her.

Accepted Answer

Stranger fear is a developmental phase where infants show a preference for familiar people and may show fear or distress around strangers. The mother's biological sister, if not a consistent part of the infant's life, could still be considered a stranger to the baby and potentially provoke a fear reaction, regardless of familial relation.

Question 15

A parents' ___________ is likely to shape their ideas about which patterns of infant temperament are desirable and which undesirable qualities parents should (and could) modify.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A parents' ___________ is likely to shape...

Question 16

According to the findings of Braungart et al. (1992) and Emde et al. (1992), the correlation between dizygotic twins in the temperament domain of emotionality is ___________

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the findings of Braungart et...

Question 17

Kyrios, et al. (1989) found that parents' cultural background exerted a significant influence on infant temperament.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true.

Quiz 5: Infancy: Social, Emotional and Personality Development in a Nutshell