Question 1

Roughly 95 percent of the boys in Kohlberg's original sample reasoned purely at Stages 1 and 2 at the age of 10.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's research found that at the age of 10, boys were more likely to be transitioning from Stage 2 to Stage 3 in their moral reasoning, rather than reasoning purely at Stages 1 and 2. Stage 1 is about obedience and punishment orientation, and Stage 2 is about individualism and exchange. By age 10, many children begin to show reasoning reflective of Stage 3, which focuses on interpersonal relationships and conformity to social rules.

Question 2

Preadolescents have developed skills to solve problems that require contrary- to- fact assumptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Preadolescents have developed skills to solve problems...

Question 3

According to Connell et al. (1975), it is not until the age of ______________ that there are more Australian adolescents using formal- operational thinking rather than concrete- operational thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Connell et al. (1975), it...

Question 4

According to Kroger (1989), identity development is complete by the age of 22.

Accepted Answer

While identity development can begin in adolescence, it is not necessarily complete by the age of 22. Research suggests that identity formation and reformation continue throughout adulthood.

Question 5

Even though adolescent and mature brains might seem indistinguishable in overall size and shape, they are structurally and functionally different.

Accepted Answer

While adolescent and mature brains may appear similar in size and shape, they undergo significant changes and development on a structural and functional level.

Question 6

One of the key criticisms of Kohlberg's original longitudinal interviews was that it included no ______________ respondents, and the chief protagonist in most of Kohlberg's dilemmas was ______________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the key criticisms of Kohlberg's...

Question 7

Gilligan (1977) suggested that when women face moral challenges, they reason about them in terms of the altruistic need to help others and to find ways of cooperating socially in an interdependent manner, so as to draw the group together around the moral problem.

Accepted Answer

This is the main idea behind Gilligan's theory of "care ethics," which suggests that women's moral reasoning often emphasizes the importance of empathy, responsibility, and relationships with others. However, it is worth noting that not all women think or reason in the same way, and this theory has been subject to criticism and debate over the years.

Question 8

From ages seven to nine children only have simple concepts of sharing with no clear concept of reciprocity, merit or entitlement.

Accepted Answer

By ages seven to nine, children typically develop more complex understandings of social interactions, including concepts of reciprocity, merit, and entitlement, as they are better able to understand others' perspectives and the nuances of fairness.

Question 9

According to Peterson (1982), Australian boys who have started going out with girls have been found to display less imaginary- audience reaction than their peers who have not yet started going out with girls.

Accepted Answer

According to Peterson's 1982 study, Australian boys who have started dating girls display less imaginary-audience reaction compared to their peers who have not yet started dating.

Question 10

The adolescent's resolution of the identity crisis organises and integrates all separate elements of personality into a coherent whole.

Accepted Answer

This is the basic concept of Erikson's theory of identity development, where successful resolution of the identity crisis leads to the integration of various aspects of one's personality into a unified sense of self.

Question 11

Piaget put forward three hypotheses to explain variations in the rate of mastery of formal- operational thought. One of these,______________ , is described as the inter- individual developmental divergence in peak abilities as a result of inherited ability differences, explaining why some develop formal operations and others do not.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piaget put forward three hypotheses to explain...

Question 12

According to Connell et al. (1975), only 35 percent of individuals that left school early to enter the workforce had developed formal- operational thought by the age of 20.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the findings of Connell et al. (1975).

Question 13

In an optimally stimulating educational environment, all adolescents will develop formal- operational thought.

Accepted Answer

While an optimal educational environment can certainly promote the development of formal operational thought, it is not guaranteed that all adolescents will develop this level of cognitive ability. There are many factors that can influence cognitive development, including genetics and individual experiences.

Quiz 11: Adolescence: Cognitive, Moral and Personality Development