Question 1

In the context of peer statuses, ________ children give out reinforcements, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers, are happy, control their negative emotions, act like themselves, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without being conceited.

Accepted Answer

The description best fits that of popular children. They are described as giving out reinforcements, listening carefully, maintaining open lines of communication with peers, being happy, controlling their negative emotions, acting like themselves, showing enthusiasm and concern for others, and being self-confident without being conceited.

Question 2

Only ________ of stepfamily couples stay remarried.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Only ________ of stepfamily couples stay remarried.
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Question 3

How can rejected children be trained to interact more effectively with their peers?

Accepted Answer

Teaching rejected children to accurately assess whether their peers' intentions are negative can help them identify when they are misinterpreting social cues and reacting with aggression. This can improve their ability to interact more effectively with their peers. Isolating rejected children or subjecting them to corporal punishment may exacerbate their aggression and does not address the underlying issues in their social interactions. Staying away from peers does not provide opportunities for rejected children to learn appropriate social skills.

Question 4

In the context of parent-child relationships, the major shift to autonomy with regard to children does not occur until about age ________ or later.

Accepted Answer

The major shift to autonomy with regard to children does not occur until about age twelve or later. At this stage, children begin to develop their own identities and seek independence from their parents. This is a critical period in development as children begin to form their own beliefs, values, and opinions. Parents play an important role in supporting their child's autonomy by giving them appropriate levels of responsibility and independence, while also providing guidance and support when needed.

Question 5

Peer competence in middle and late childhood has been linked to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Peer competence in middle and late childhood...

Question 6

According to John Coie, which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?

Accepted Answer

According to John Coie, aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships because they are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.

Question 7

Unlike nonaggressive children, when aggressive boys search for cues to determine a peer's intention, they respond more

Accepted Answer

Aggressive boys tend to respond rapidly when searching for cues to determine a peer's intention. This may be due to their increased vigilance and sensitivity to potential threats.

Question 8

Most of Blanca's classmates call her a "bully," and many say that they "don't like her at all." Only few children consider her to be a friend. Which of the following is Blanca's probable peer status?

Accepted Answer

Blanca's peer status is likely rejected, as most of her classmates do not like her and consider her a bully. Few children considering her a friend suggests that she is not neglected, controversial, or popular.

Question 9

The extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is called their ________ status.

Accepted Answer

The sociometric status refers to the extent to which a child is liked or disliked by their peer group. Option A is incorrect because psychometric refers to the measurement of psychological traits and abilities, not social status. Option B is incorrect because socioeconomic status refers to a person's level of income, education, and occupation, and is not specifically related to social status among peers. Option C is partially correct in that popularity is often used interchangeably with sociometric status, but popularity can also refer to superficial characteristics like style or appearance, while sociometric status takes into account the child's behavior and relationships with peers.

Question 10

An analysis of stepfamilies found that ________ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that about 25 percent of children in stepfamilies exhibit adjustment problems, which is higher than the rate for children in first-marriage families but not as high as often presumed.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of stepfamilies?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that divorce is the more common precursor to stepfamilies than the death of a spouse.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of peer groups and peer interactions in middle and late childhood?

Accepted Answer

According to research, children in middle and late childhood spend approximately fifty percent of their time with peers. Option B is incorrect because the size of the peer group tends to increase with age. Option C is also incorrect because research shows that children tend to prefer same-sex peer groups during middle and late childhood. Option D is partly correct in that adults may become more involved in peer interactions to resolve conflicts or promote positive behaviors, but peer interaction is still largely independent.

Question 13

Anthony is rarely nominated as someone's best friend. He is actively disliked by many children in his class. In the context of peer statuses, Anthony would be classified as a(n) ________ child.

Accepted Answer

Anthony's active dislike by many children in his class indicates that he falls under the rejected peer status. Children in this category are often disliked by their peers and struggle to form positive relationships with others.

Question 14

According to Kenneth Dodge, aggressive boys are more likely to perceive another child's actions as hostile when

Accepted Answer

Kenneth Dodge's social information processing theory suggests that aggressive children have a bias toward interpreting ambiguous actions as hostile or aggressive. Therefore, when faced with ambiguous actions, aggressive boys are more likely to perceive them as hostile.

Question 15

An aggressive boy's interpretation of an encounter as hostile and his classmates' perception of his behavior as inappropriate are examples of ________ in behavior development.

Accepted Answer

The aggressive boy's perception and interpretation of the encounter as hostile and his classmates' perception of his behavior as inappropriate involve social cognition, which refers to the cognitive processes involved in the perception, interpretation, and evaluation of social information. Stereotyping refers to generalizations made about a group of people, cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort or tension that arises from holding two conflicting beliefs or attitudes, and cultural bias refers to the influence of one's culture on their perception, interpretation, and evaluation of social information.

Question 16

Gavin is rarely nominated as a best friend, but his peers don't dislike him. In the context of peer statuses, Gavin would be classified as a(n) ________ child.

Accepted Answer

Neglected children are those who are not frequently mentioned as friends, but are also not disliked by peers. This describes Gavin, as he is rarely nominated as a best friend but is not disliked by his peers. Controversial children are both liked and disliked by peers, rejected children are actively disliked by peers, and average children receive a moderate amount of both positive and negative nominations from peers.

Question 17

Benjamin, a student, sits at the back of the classroom. Only few children in the class know his name. He does not have any best friends, but he is not disliked by his classmates. Which of the following is Benjamin's probable peer status?

Accepted Answer

Benjamin's description fits that of a neglected peer status. He is not disliked but also does not have close friends or a high social status within the classroom.

Question 18

Erica, who has two children, marries Wayne. Wayne has a daughter from his previous marriage. After the union, their family will be considered a ________ stepfamily.

Accepted Answer

A complex stepfamily is one where both partners bring children from previous relationships into the new household. In this case, Erica brings two children and Wayne brings one, making their family a complex stepfamily.

Question 19

In the context of the five peer statuses distinguished by developmentalists, ________ are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.

Accepted Answer

Controversial children are those who receive both positive and negative nominations from peers. They are often viewed as both popular and unpopular because they have strong personalities and behaviors that can be both attractive and off-putting to their peers. Therefore, they are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as someone who is disliked. Average children are those who receive an average number of positive and negative nominations, neglected children are those who receive few nominations of any kind, and rejected children are those who are consistently disliked by their peers.

Question 20

According to developmentalists, which of the following is a peer status among children?

Accepted Answer

Neglected children are considered a peer status among children according to developmentalists. Gifted children, homeschooled children, and conforming children are not considered peer statuses.

Quiz 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood