Question 1

Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment?

Accepted Answer

Childhood maltreatment is a complex issue that can be caused by various factors, including parenting stress, substance abuse, social isolation, single parenting, and socioeconomic difficulties. It is not necessarily caused by a single factor. Also, while it is true that some parents who were abused themselves may go on to abuse their own children, the statistic of two-thirds is not accurate for all cases. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that exposure to violence on television can contribute to the violence we see in families.

Question 2

Why do more researchers think that birth-order influences on child development have been emphasized too strongly?

Accepted Answer

While there may be some observed patterns of birth-order influences, many researchers now believe that these influences have been overemphasized and do not show strong predictive abilities when considered alongside other factors that shape behavior. This suggests that birth order is not a sole determining factor in child development.

Question 3

Nine-year-old Tadako's uncle has been taking pictures of her naked body and selling them on the Internet. This constitutes

Accepted Answer

Taking pictures of a child's naked body and selling them on the internet is a form of sexual abuse, as it involves exploitation and violation of the child's privacy and safety. Verbal abuse involves verbal attacks, insults, or threats that can harm the child's emotional wellbeing. Child neglect refers to failing to provide adequate care or protection for the child's basic needs, while physical abuse involves inflicting physical harm or injury on the child. However, in the given scenario, the best choice is sexual abuse.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the characteristics of sibling relationships as described by Judy Dunn?

Accepted Answer

According to Judy Dunn, there is considerable variation in sibling relationships. This means that siblings can have very different types of relationships with each other, ranging from very close and supportive to distant and conflicted. This variation is influenced by factors such as age, gender, personality, and family dynamics.

Question 5

Tom and Katie have recently split up, but for the benefit of their child, they attempt to provide one another support in jointly raising their child. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Coparenting refers to parents who are not together romantically but still work together to raise their child, prioritizing their child's needs over any conflicts or issues between the parents.

Question 6

Laurie Kramer, who has conducted a number of research studies on siblings, says that

Accepted Answer

Laurie Kramer's research suggests that it is not helpful to completely stay out of sibling conflicts, but also not helpful to let them escalate. Instead, it is best to intervene appropriately and help siblings learn to resolve conflicts in positive ways.

Question 7

In the context of child maltreatment, which of the following would most likely constitute child neglect?

Accepted Answer

Child neglect refers to failing to provide for a child’s basic needs, including food, shelter, clothing, medical care, and schooling. Allowing chronic truancy (choice B) falls under the category of educational neglect, which is a form of child neglect. Beating a child (choice A) is physical abuse, commercial exploitation of a child (choice C) is child labor or sex trafficking, and fondling a child’s genitals (choice D) is sexual abuse.

Question 8

Eight-year-old Sara's mom has repeatedly called her fat and worthless, which has caused Sara to become withdrawn at home and in school. These actions are best characterized as

Accepted Answer

The behavior of repeatedly calling a child fat and worthless is a form of emotional abuse. Emotional abuse involves the use of words or actions to harm a child's mental or emotional health and development. This can include belittling, rejecting, isolating, threatening, or ignoring a child.

Question 9

Damian's parents fail to provide for his basic needs; he is often unfed and dirty when he gets to school. This constitutes

Accepted Answer

Damian's parents' failure to provide for his basic needs constitutes child neglect. Child neglect refers to a failure to provide for a child's basic needs, such as food, shelter, and medical care, and can have a detrimental impact on the child's physical and emotional well-being.

Question 10

Which parenting style is undemanding and uncontrolling but is also accepting and responsive?

Accepted Answer

Indulgent parenting style is undemanding and uncontrolling, but it is also accepting and responsive. Indulgent parents tend to be more lenient with their children and avoid setting strict rules and guidelines. However, they still provide emotional support and are available to listen to their children's needs and concerns. This style of parenting often leads to children who are more self-reliant and independent but may also struggle with boundaries and discipline.

Question 11

Maribel works as a housekeeper at a hotel. She has no autonomy in her work, works long hours, and feels quite stressed by her job. Kim is a lawyer who works long hours but has control over her work and a great office environment. Ann Crouter would say that

Accepted Answer

Ann Crouter's research suggests that mothers who experience high levels of job stress and job strain are more likely to experience fatigue, negative mood, and irritability, which can reduce the quality of parenting they provide. Therefore, Maribel's children are likely to experience less effective parenting than Kim's children because Kim has control over her work and a great office environment, which may reduce her job strain and therefore allow her to provide better parenting.

Question 12

Research conducted by Ruth Chao suggests that

Accepted Answer

Ruth Chao's research suggests that the high control of Asian parents is best conceptualized as "training" and is distinct from the domineering control characteristic of an authoritarian style of parenting.

Question 13

The public and many professionals use the term child abuse to refer to both abuse and neglect; developmentalists increasingly use the term

Accepted Answer

The term "child abuse" has traditionally been used to refer to both abuse (physical, sexual, or emotional) and neglect. However, developmentalists increasingly use the term "child maltreatment" to include all forms of abuse and neglect. This term is seen as more inclusive and accurate, as neglect is not always recognized as a form of abuse in the traditional sense. Choices C and D are not appropriate as they refer only to physical abuse, while choice A is not as accurate as choice B.

Question 14

In the context of working parents, a consistent finding is that in contrast to children whose mothers are not employed outside the home, children of working mothers

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that children of working mothers have more egalitarian views of gender roles and are less likely to engage in gender stereotyping. This may be because they witness their mothers balancing work and family responsibilities and defying traditional gender roles, leading to a more egalitarian outlook. There is no evidence to suggest that children of working mothers are more stressed or demanding or have more free time.

Question 15

Four-year-old Becky has just hit her sister again. According to most developmental psychologists, Becky's mother should

Accepted Answer

Most developmental psychologists would recommend using reasoning and explaining the consequences of her actions to Becky instead of physical punishment at her age. Spanking or withholding dinner could lead to increased aggression and resentment and may not effectively address the root of the problem. By explaining to Becky that hitting hurts others, she can begin to understand empathy and the impact of her behavior on others.

Question 16

According to most child psychologists, which of the following is an effective way of handling a child's misbehavior?

Accepted Answer

Time out is considered an effective way of handling a child's misbehavior by most child psychologists as it removes the child from a setting that offers positive reinforcement, giving them the opportunity to reflect on their behavior without receiving attention or reinforcement for it. Mild spanking, shouting at the child, and severe corporal punishment are not considered effective ways of handling a child's misbehavior and can have negative impacts on their mental and emotional wellbeing. Instilling rigid household rules is important, but they should be accompanied by positive reinforcement for good behavior rather than just punishment for misbehavior.

Question 17

Punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, and shaking a child constitute

Accepted Answer

Punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, and shaking a child are all forms of physical harm inflicted on a child, which constitutes physical abuse.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of how parents' work affects the development of their children?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that it is the nature of parents' work (i.e. whether it is flexible or inflexible) that has more influence on children's development rather than whether a parent works outside the home. The amount of time spent with children and the quality of interactions during that time is also more important than the number of hours worked.

Question 19

According to a research study by Kramer and Perozynski (1999), in families with two siblings 2 to 5 years of age, the most frequent parental reaction to verbal or physical sibling confrontations is to

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a research study by Kramer...

Question 20

In the context of birth order, research indicates that firstborn children are ________ than later-born children.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that firstborn children tend to be more adult-oriented than later-born children. This may be due to their parents expecting them to be more responsible and mature from an early age, as they are the first child in the family. This can also lead to them being more achievement-oriented and having higher expectations for themselves.

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood