Question 1

Short-wave lengths of light within the visible spectrum are sensed as violet or blue.

Accepted Answer

Short-wave lengths of light within the visible spectrum have higher frequencies and are associated with the colors violet and blue.

Question 2

ACh is the neurotransmitter released to signal skeletal muscles.

Accepted Answer

ACh (acetylcholine) is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction to signal contraction of skeletal muscle.

Question 3

Light rays passing through a concave lens undergo convergence.

Accepted Answer

Light rays passing through a concave lens undergo divergence, not convergence.

Question 4

Contraction of the radial muscle of the iris produces a dilation of the iris.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contraction of the radial muscle of the...

Question 5

The image on the retina is upside down and backward due to bending of light rays.

Accepted Answer

The image that enters the eye is first focused and then projected onto the retina, which is located at the back of the eye. The light rays are bent by the cornea and the lens, causing the image to be inverted and reversed from left to right on the retina. The brain then interprets this image and creates the perception of a right-side-up image.

Question 6

Exposure to very loud noises can result in partial conductive deafness.

Accepted Answer

Exposure to loud noises can result in noise-induced hearing loss, which is typically sensorineural hearing loss, meaning it affects the inner ear and neural pathways. Conductive deafness, on the other hand, involves damage to the outer or middle ear and is usually caused by blockages or damage to the eardrum or other parts of the ear canal. Therefore, exposure to very loud noises is not likely to result in partial conductive deafness.

Question 7

A convex lens converges light rays or brings them closer together.

Accepted Answer

This is true as a convex lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges, which causes light rays to bend towards its center, converging them to a point.

Question 8

Any stimulus can excite any excitable tissue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Any stimulus can excite any excitable tissue....

Question 9

The term cataract refers to the condition in which the lens becomes stiff and loses its elasticity.

Accepted Answer

The term cataract refers to the condition in which the lens becomes cloudy and opaque, not stiff and loses its elasticity.

Question 10

The olfactory mucosa contains enzymes that remove odoriferous molecules so that the sensation of smell doesn't linger after the source of the odour is removed.

Accepted Answer

The olfactory mucosa contains enzymes called olfactory enzymes that break down odoriferous molecules and prevent the sensation of smell from lingering after the source of the odor is removed. This process is known as odorant degradation.

Question 11

Most innervated blood vessels receive only sympathetic nerve fibres.

Accepted Answer

Most blood vessels are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers only, which regulate vasoconstriction and vasodilation to control blood pressure and flow. Parasympathetic innervation of blood vessels is limited and not as widespread.

Question 12

Muscarinic receptors are found on the effector cells innervated by the sympathetic division.

Accepted Answer

Muscarinic receptors are primarily found on the effector cells innervated by the parasympathetic division, not the sympathetic division. The sympathetic division primarily uses adrenergic receptors.

Question 13

The circular muscle of the iris contracts in response to dim light.

Accepted Answer

The circular muscle of the iris contracts in response to bright light, reducing the size of the pupil to limit the amount of light entering the eye. In dim light, the radial muscles contract to dilate the pupil and allow more light in.

Question 14

Pain may be elicited by thermal or chemical stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Pain can be caused by exposure to extreme heat or cold, as well as exposure to chemicals that can irritate or damage the skin or other tissues.

Question 15

The terminals of both autonomic nerve fibres and motor neurons end in a single, enlarged knoblike structure that releases neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nerve fibers often end in a series of swellings known as varicosities that release neurotransmitter along the length of the target tissue, whereas motor neurons typically end in a single, enlarged structure known as a terminal bouton at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 16

The sclera is the most internal layer of the eye.

Accepted Answer

The sclera is actually the outermost layer of the eye, also known as the white part of the eye. The most internal layer is the retina.

Question 17

When an individual sees pure red, only the red cones are stimulated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an individual sees pure red, only...

Question 18

Cones are more abundant than rods throughout the entire retina.

Accepted Answer

Rods are actually more abundant than cones in most areas of the retina, except for the central fovea where cones are extremely dense.

Question 19

Descending analgesic pathways are believed to suppress transmission in the pain pathways as they enter the spinal cord by blocking the release of substance P.

Accepted Answer

Descending analgesic pathways do indeed work by blocking the release of substance P, which is a neurotransmitter involved in the transmission of pain signals.

Question 20

Unmyelinated C fibres send impulses for slow pain pathways.

Accepted Answer

Unmyelinated C fibres transmit impulses more slowly than myelinated A fibres which send impulses for fast pain pathways. Therefore, they are responsible for conducting impulses for slow pain pathways.

Quiz 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication