Question 1

The dura mater is the fragile, innermost meningeal layer that closely adheres to the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The dura mater is the tough, outermost meningeal layer that provides protection for the brain and spinal cord. The fragile, innermost layer is the pia mater.

Question 2

Oligodendrocytes form myelin around the axons of the CNS.

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that form myelin around the axons of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord. On the other hand, Schwann cells form myelin around the axons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 3

The outer layer of the brain is grey matter, but the outer layer of the spinal cord is white matter.

Accepted Answer

The outer layer of the brain is composed of grey matter, which contains neuron cell bodies, while the outer layer of the spinal cord is composed of white matter, which contains myelinated axons that facilitate the transmission of nerve signals.

Question 4

The cell bodies of both afferent and efferent neurons originate in the CNS.

Accepted Answer

The cell bodies of afferent neurons originate outside the CNS, in sensory ganglia, while the cell bodies of efferent neurons originate within the CNS.

Question 5

Complex thought is a function of the frontal lobe.

Accepted Answer

Complex thought is a higher cognitive process that involves reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, and other advanced mental activities that are primarily controlled by the frontal lobe of the brain.

Question 6

The blood-brain barrier prevents an increase in the concentration of potassium ions in the ECF surrounding brain cells.

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier regulates the transport of substances from the bloodstream into the brain, including potassium ions. It prevents an excessive increase in their concentration in the extracellular fluid surrounding the brain cells, which could cause neuronal hyperexcitability and seizures.

Question 7

The basal nuclei are part of the cerebrum.

Accepted Answer

The basal nuclei, also known as basal ganglia, are a group of nuclei in the cerebrum involved in motor control and movement regulation.

Question 8

A flat EEG always signifies brain death.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A flat EEG always signifies brain death....

Question 9

Efferent neurons are sensory neurons.

Accepted Answer

Efferent neurons are motor neurons, responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, while sensory neurons are afferent neurons, responsible for transmitting signals from sensory organs to the central nervous system.

Question 10

Aphasia is a language disorder.

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate and understand language. It is typically caused by damage to the brain, such as from a stroke or head injury. Symptoms of aphasia can vary depending on the type and severity of the damage, but may include difficulty speaking, understanding language, reading, and writing.

Question 11

White matter consists primarily of myelinated nerve fibres.

Accepted Answer

White matter indeed consists primarily of myelinated nerve fibres.

Question 12

The white matter in the CNS consists of parts of neurons not covered with myelin.

Accepted Answer

The white matter in the CNS consists of myelinated axons, which are covered with myelin. It is the gray matter in the CNS that consists of parts of neurons not covered with myelin.

Question 13

Transport across the brain capillary walls is prevented anatomically between the cells and is restricted physiologically through the cells.

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier, formed by the cells of the brain capillary walls, restricts transport across the walls anatomically and physiologically, preventing the passage of many substances into the brain tissue.

Question 14

Sound sensation is received initially by the parietal lobes.

Accepted Answer

Sound sensation is received initially by the temporal lobes, not the parietal lobes.

Question 15

The recycling of newly acquired information through short-term memory increases the likelihood of long-term memory consolidation.

Accepted Answer

Recycling newly acquired information through short-term memory, also known as rehearsal or repetition, is a key factor in the process of long-term memory consolidation. By repeating information, we are strengthening the connections between neurons in the brain, making it more likely that the information will be stored in our long-term memory.

Question 16

Different parts of the body are not represented by equal areas of the sensory homunculus of the parietal lobe.

Accepted Answer

The sensory homunculus is a distorted representation of the human body, where certain body parts such as the hands, lips, and tongue take up a larger portion of the somatosensory cortex compared to other parts like the trunk and legs. Therefore, different parts of the body are not represented by equal areas in the sensory homunculus.

Question 17

Efferent neurons are the most abundant type of neuron.

Accepted Answer

Efferent neurons, also known as motor neurons, are responsible for carrying signals from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands in the body. They are not the most abundant type of neuron. The most abundant type of neuron is the interneuron, which is responsible for communicating between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

Question 18

Efferent neurons lie primarily in the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Efferent neurons, also known as motor neurons, primarily carry signals away from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles and glands, indicating their primary location is not confined to the central nervous system.

Question 19

The two regions of grey matter within the cerebrum are the cerebral cortex and the basal nuclei.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the cerebrum and plays a vital role in consciousness, perception, memory, and thought. The basal nuclei, also known as basal ganglia, are a group of nuclei located deep within the cerebrum and are involved in movement control, learning, and emotion.

Question 20

The cerebral cortex is an inner core of white matter.

Accepted Answer

The cerebral cortex is actually an outer layer of gray matter, while the inner core is composed of white matter.

Quiz 3: The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential