In Griggs v. Duke Power, the Supreme Court established the principle that

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Griggs v. Duke Power established the principle of "job-relatedness," which states that selection tools (such as employment tests) must be related to job success. This case also established the concept of disparate impact, which means that even if an employer does not intend to discriminate, their selection tools may still have a discriminatory effect on protected groups.

In Griggs V