In which of the following decisions did the Supreme Court not endorse all voluntary affirmative action programs, but it gave an important push to programs voluntarily implemented and designed to correct past racial imbalances?

Question

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In United Steelworkers of America v. Weber, the Supreme Court endorsed an affirmative action program voluntarily implemented by a private company to address the underrepresentation of African Americans in craft positions. However, in Griggs v. Duke Power, Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, and Ricci v. DeStafano, the Court either struck down or placed limitations on affirmative action programs that were not strictly voluntary or were seen as having a disparate impact on protected groups.

In Which of the Following Decisions Did the Supreme Court