Question 1

In relation to the relative strengths of the id, ego, and superego, Freud believed that in psychologically healthy individuals

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that in psychologically healthy individuals, there is a balance among the id, ego, and superego. None of these aspects of personality should be dominant over the others.

Question 2

Like Freud, Jung emphasized

Accepted Answer

D  Jung, like Freud, emphasized the importance of the unconscious but also introduced the concept of the collective unconscious, which is a shared part of the unconscious mind.

Question 3

Which of the following is Jung's term for an inherited tendency to respond in particular ways to universal human situations that exist within the collective unconscious?

Accepted Answer

Jung's term for an inherited tendency to respond in particular ways to universal human situations that exist within the collective unconscious is archetypes.

Question 4

According to Jung, belief in God, heroes, the devil, and the fear of snakes are examples of

Accepted Answer

According to Jung, archetypes are universal patterns of thoughts or representations of underlying motifs that are found in human behavior and cultures. Belief in God, heroes, the devil, and the fear of snakes are all examples of archetypes because they appear in many different cultures and have universal meanings and significance. Mandalas are a type of symbol used in religious and spiritual practices, complexes are patterns of thoughts and feelings that are organized around a particular theme or image, and icons are images or symbols that represent something else. However, none of these concepts capture the idea of universal patterns of thought and behavior that Jung associated with archetypes.

Question 5

Freud believed that the few people who reach the genital stage of psychosexual development without having fixations at earlier stages can achieve the state of psychological health that he equated with the ability to

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, reaching the genital stage without fixations at earlier stages leads to the ability to love and work, which he viewed as the hallmarks of psychological health. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect Freud's view on the outcome of successfully completing the genital stage of psychosexual development.

Question 6

While little experimental evidence supports psychoanalytic concepts, the text does describe support for

Accepted Answer

Little experimental evidence supports psychoanalytic concepts as a whole, but there is some evidence supporting the idea of unconscious mental processing.

Question 7

Which of Jung's structures of the mind was not part of Freud's view?

Accepted Answer

Freud did not believe in the concept of the collective unconscious, which is a storehouse of inherited human experiences and archetypes that all individuals share at a deep level, according to Jung. Freud's view of the mind included the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.

Question 8

Following the resolution of the Oedipal conflict, the individual enters the

Accepted Answer

Following the resolution of the Oedipal conflict, which occurs during the phallic stage of psychosexual development, the individual enters the latency period. This stage is characterized by a decrease in sexual interests and activities, allowing the child to focus on developing social and intellectual skills.

Question 9

The personal unconscious in Jung's theory resembles a combination of Freud's

Accepted Answer

The personal unconscious in Jung's theory is made up of preconscious and unconscious material, similar to Freud's concept of the preconscious and unconscious. However, it is distinct from the conscious mind. Therefore, the best choice is B, which corresponds to preconscious and unconscious.

Question 10

Freud believed that the first five or six years of life were

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the first five or six years of life were the most important years in personality development, particularly in regards to the formation of the ego and the superego. During this time, children experience the oral, anal, and phallic stages of psychosexual development, which shape their personalities and behaviors. Freud believed that experiences during these early years could have long-lasting impacts on an individual's psychological development.

Question 11

Which of the following concepts did Jung use to account for the similarity of certain myths, dreams, symbols, and religious beliefs in cultures widely separated by distance and time?

Accepted Answer

Jung used the concept of collective unconscious to account for the similarity of certain myths, dreams, symbols, and religious beliefs in cultures widely separated by distance and time. The collective unconscious contains archetypes or universal symbolic images and patterns that are shared by all humans regardless of their culture or individual experiences.

Question 12

According to Jung's theory, repressed memories would be contained in the

Accepted Answer

According to Jung's theory, repressed memories are stored in the personal unconscious. The personal unconscious contains individual experiences that have been repressed or forgotten. The collective unconscious, on the other hand, contains universal patterns and symbols shared by all humans, while the ego is the conscious sense of self and the archetypes are universal symbols and patterns that are expressed in myths, dreams, and art.

Question 13

Alfred Adler believed that people are basically motivated

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler believed that people are primarily motivated by a desire to overcome feelings of inferiority. This motivation is rooted in the individual's unique experiences and perceptions of life, rather than in external factors such as biological needs or pleasure-seeking. Adler believed that individuals strive for superiority, in their own unique way and that this striving shapes their behaviors and personality.

Question 14

According to Freud, from age five or six to puberty, the sex instinct is repressed and temporarily sublimated in school and play activities. This is called the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, from age five or six to puberty, the sex instinct is repressed and temporarily sublimated in school and play activities. This is called the latency period. The genital stage occurs from puberty through adulthood, while the phallic stage occurs from ages three to five or six. The erogenous period is not a stage in Freud's theory.

Question 15

Who is the personality theorist who believed that our basic drive is to overcome and compensate for inferiority feelings and strive for superiority and significance?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler is the personality theorist who believed that our basic drive is to overcome and compensate for inferiority feelings and strive for superiority and significance. He called this concept the "inferiority complex" and believed that individuals who possess such a complex may become overly aggressive or domineering in order to compensate for their feelings of inadequacy.

Question 16

Which of the following terms did Jung use to refer to the store of images and ideas that we inherit from our ancestors and share with all human beings?

Accepted Answer

Jung used the term collective unconscious to refer to the store of images and ideas that we inherit from our ancestors and share with all human beings. The other options are not terms used by Jung to refer to this concept.

Question 17

Alfred Adler added the term ________ to our vocabulary.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler added the term "inferiority complex" to our vocabulary, which refers to an individual's feeling of inadequacy and insecurity in relation to others, often stemming from early childhood experiences. This concept is a key part of his individual psychology theory.

Question 18

According to Freud, what kind of influence do fixations at the psychosexual stages have on the development of personality?

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that fixations at the psychosexual stages had major influences on the development of personality, as they could lead to lasting personality traits, behaviors, and conflicts.

Question 19

According to Freud, which of the following represents a primary source of influence on our personality?

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of personality emphasizes the importance of the id, ego, and superego in shaping our behaviors and personality. These three components interact to influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions, according to Freudian psychology.

Question 20

In Jung's theory, we share which part of our personality with our ancestors?

Accepted Answer

In Jung's theory, the collective unconscious is a reservoir of shared experiences and ancestral memories that we inherit from our ancestors. It includes archetypes, universal images that have a powerful psychological significance and are found in myths, fairytales, and dreams. Therefore, we share this part of our personality with our ancestors.

Quiz 11: Personality, Theory and Assessment