Question 1

An 18-year-old female is diagnosed with dysmenorrhea.Which of the following symptoms will she most likely experience?

Accepted Answer

Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles.Absence of menstruation is referred to as amenorrhea.Dysfunctional bleeding would describe both unusually long and irregular menstrual periods.

Question 2

The descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal is called a:

Accepted Answer

A cystocele is the descent of the bladder into the vaginal canal.A rectocele is the bulging of the rectum and posterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal.A varicocele is the abnormal dilation of a vein within the spermatic cord.A urethrocele is sagging of the urethra.

Question 3

The nurse would anticipate the treatment for pelvic organ prolapse to be:

Accepted Answer

A common first-line treatment is a pessary, which is a removable mechanical device that holds the uterus in position.The physiological problem would not be addressed with the insertion of a urinary catheter, ingestion of dietary fiber, or the administration of urinary antispasmodics.

Question 4

A 23-year-old sexually active female presents with white copious discharge and itch and is diagnosed with yeast vaginitis.This condition is caused by overgrowth of which microorganism?

Accepted Answer

The most common cause of yeast vaginitis is Candida albicans.Changes in the vaginal pH may predispose a woman to such an infection by destroying normal vaginal flora, facilitating overgrowth of Candida albicans and causing a yeast infection.E.coli does not cause yeast vaginitis nor does Lactobacillus acidophilus.Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the cause of gonorrhea.

Question 5

A 38-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cancer.She learns that her mother almost miscarried while pregnant with her and was given diethylstilbestrol (DES)to prevent it.Which of the following cancers does she most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Exposure in utero to nonsteroidal estrogens (DES)has been identified as a risk factor for vaginal cancer.DES exposure has not been associated with endometrial, cervical, or uterine cancers.

Question 6

A 35-year-old nonpregnant female presents with breast discharge and is diagnosed with galactorrhea.The condition is most likely caused by:

Accepted Answer

The most common cause of galactorrhea is nonpuerperal hyperprolactinemia, or excessive amounts of prolactin in the blood not related to pregnancy or childbirth.These processes are chiefly hormone imbalances caused by hypothalamic-pituitary disturbances, pituitary tumors, or neurologic damage.Galactorrhea is not due to infection, tissue injury, or cancer.

Question 7

A 40-year-old female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding.Ultrasound reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium.These tumors are commonly called:

Accepted Answer

Leiomyomas are benign tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells in the myometrium.
Adenomyosis is the presence of islands of endometrial glands surrounded by benign endometrial stroma within the uterine myometrium.Endometriosis is the presence of functioning endometrial tissue or implants outside the uterus.Adenomas are tumors that can grow anywhere, but are not specific to the myometrium.

Question 8

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with endometriosis.Suppressing which of the following would be the most appropriate medical treatment for this disease?

Accepted Answer

Medical therapies include suppression of ovulation with various medications.Endometriosis is not treated by suppressing prostaglandins, infections, or fertilization.

Question 9

A 30-year-old female with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)is being counseled by her OB-GYN.The physician indicates that this condition often results in:

Accepted Answer

Because FSH levels are not totally depressed, new follicular growth is continuously stimulated, but not to full maturation and ovulation.Symptoms are related to anovulation and hyperandrogenism and include infertility.PCOS is not associated with ovarian cancer, early menopause, or pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 10

A 20-year-old female presents with pelvic and back pain severe enough to miss work beginning with the onset of menses.Physical examination supports the diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea.The most likely cause of her condition is:

Accepted Answer

Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles; it is not associated with the lack of estrogen, stress, or poor nutrition.

Question 11

A 25-year-old female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism and is diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Lab testing will most likely reveal:

Accepted Answer

Glucose intolerance/insulin resistance (IR)and hyperinsulinemia often run parallel and markedly aggravate the hyperandrogenic state, thus contributing to the severity of signs and symptoms of PCOS.Estrogen levels are elevated with PCOS.Cancer is not associated with the lab findings of PCOS.Cortisol levels are not elevated in PCOS.

Question 12

Which of the following signs is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

The first sign of breast cancer is usually a painless lump.Dimpling, nipple discharge, and chest pain are later signs.

Question 13

A 21-year-old female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV)following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met.She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers?

Accepted Answer

HPV is associated with cervical cancer.HPV 16 accounts for about 60% of cervical cancer cases and HPV 18 for about another 10%; other types contribute less than 5% of cases.
HPV is not associated with ovarian, endometrial, or vulvar cancers.

Question 14

During a routine pelvic exam, a 34-year-old female is found to have an ovarian cyst containing skin, hair, cartilage, and bone.This cyst is classified as a _____ cyst.

Accepted Answer

Dermoid cysts are growths that may contain mature tissue including skin, hair, sebaceous and sweat glands, muscle fibers, cartilage, and bone.Neither follicular, corpus luteal, nor micro cysts contain skin, hair, or bone.

Question 15

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with ovarian cancer.CT scan reveals that the cancer is limited to the ovaries.It would be classified as stage:

Accepted Answer

In stage I, growth is limited to the ovaries.In stage II, growth involves one or both ovaries and involvement of other organs.In stage III, cancer involves one or both ovaries, and one or both of the following: (i)cancer has spread beyond the pelvis to the lining of the abdomen and (ii)cancer has spread to lymph nodes.In stage IV, growth involves one or both ovaries with distant metastases to lungs, liver, or other organs outside the peritoneal cavity.

Question 16

Conditions that contribute to dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)include: (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and thyroid disease are common contributors to dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Hepatitis and excessive exercise are not.

Question 17

The most commonly occurring cancer of the female reproductive tract is _____ cancer.

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma of the endometrium is the most common type of uterine cancer and most prevalent gynecologic malignancy.Neither carcinoma of the cervix, the ovary, nor the fallopian tube is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy.

Quiz 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System