Question 1

There are ethnic differences in the ability to discriminate painful stimuli.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

Pain has important medical consequences because

Accepted Answer

Pain is often the symptom that prompts individuals to seek medical treatment, making it an important medical concern. However, the other answer choices do not accurately reflect the overall importance of pain in the medical field. While delayed treatment due to pain can occur (A), practitioners do prioritize diagnosing the source of pain (B) and pain is not always the most feared aspect of medical treatment (D). Chronic pain patients may require significant medical attention, but they do not necessarily monopolize the entire health care system (E).

Question 3

In Canada, _______ of dollars are spent every year on over-the-counter drugs.

Accepted Answer

According to a report by the Canadian Institute for Health Information, Canadians spent approximately $6.5 billion on over-the-counter drugs in 2018. Therefore, the correct answer is D - billions.

Question 4

Although depression is common among chronic pain patients, chronic pain is not a sufficient condition for the development of depression.

Accepted Answer

While depression is common among chronic pain patients, it is not necessarily a guaranteed outcome. There may be other factors that can contribute to the development of depression alongside chronic pain.

Question 5

Nociception is the _______________ of pain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nociception is the _______________ of pain.
...

Question 6

Cross-cultural differences have been found in the

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there are cultural differences in the ways individuals report and experience pain. Some cultures may express pain more openly and intensely, while others may be more stoic and restrained. These differences can be due to a variety of factors, including societal expectations and beliefs about pain, as well as individual differences in pain tolerance and coping strategies.

Question 7

The perception of pain may be influenced by

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (context, culture, attention, and coping styles) can influence the perception of pain. Context refers to the environmental and situational factors surrounding the pain, such as the presence of emotional support or distraction. Culture can shape the way individuals understand and express pain sensations. Attention can play a role in amplifying or reducing the perception of pain. Coping styles can also affect how individuals experience and cope with pain. Therefore, the most accurate answer is E.

Question 8

Beecher's (1959) study of wartime injuries investigated the effect of _______________ on pain.

Accepted Answer

Interpretation is the correct answer because Beecher's study found that soldiers who believed they were receiving morphine experienced less pain, even though they were actually receiving a placebo. This suggests that interpretation of the situation can have a significant impact on pain perception.

Question 9

Listening to favourite music is an easy-to-use and effective means of managing pain.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that listening to music can help reduce pain and improve mood. It can also distract the mind from focusing on the pain, making it easier to cope with.

Question 10

Pain management programs include interventions aimed at the distorted negative perceptions patients hold about their pain.

Accepted Answer

Pain management programs often include cognitive-behavioral therapy, which addresses negative thought patterns and maladaptive coping strategies surrounding pain. By changing the way patients think about pain and how they respond to it, their overall pain experience may improve.

Question 11

Self-report measures such as the McGill Pain Questionnaire typically measure

Accepted Answer

Self-report measures such as the McGill Pain Questionnaire are designed to measure the nature and intensity of pain. They ask patients to rate aspects such as the location, quality, and duration of their pain, which can provide valuable information to healthcare providers about the characteristics of their pain experience. While pain threshold and tolerance may come into play in the overall pain experience, they are not the primary focus of self-report measures like the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Additionally, while personality factors may influence pain perception, this is not typically measured directly by these types of questionnaires.

Question 12

Hypnosis is one of the oldest strategies for the management and treatment of acute and chronic pain.

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis dates back to ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians and Greeks, who used hypnotic techniques in the treatment of various conditions including pain.

Question 13

Acupuncture is effective in reducing the experience of pain.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that acupuncture can stimulate the release of neurotransmitters and endorphins, which can reduce pain perception.

Question 14

Athletes who continue to play, despite being injured, may be experiencing a short-term reduction of pain sensitivity due to

Accepted Answer

E  Sympathetic arousal can temporarily reduce pain sensitivity by preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses. Endogenous opioids are natural pain-relieving chemicals in the body that can also reduce pain perception during stress or physical exertion.

Question 15

A-delta fibres are un-myelinated nerve fibres that transmit dull or aching pain.

Accepted Answer

A-delta fibres are actually myelinated nerve fibres and transmit sharp, stabbing pain. C fibres are un-myelinated fibres that transmit dull or aching pain.

Question 16

The McGill Pain Questionnaire assesses pain behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The McGill Pain Questionnaire assesses the sensory and emotional aspects of pain, not pain behaviours.

Question 17

Pain is significant because it

Accepted Answer

Pain serves an important survival function by alerting us to potential danger or injury. It helps us modify our behavior to avoid further harm or injury. The other choices are not as accurate or relevant to the importance of pain.

Question 18

Beta-endorphins produce peptides that have widespread neuronal, endocrine, and central nervous system distributions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Beta-endorphins produce peptides that have widespread neuronal,...

Question 19

Pain behaviours

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct. Pain behaviours can be observed and measured, are useful in identifying pain syndromes and assessing quality of life, and can be used to assess the impact of pain on particular patients or groups of patients.

Question 20

There is a strong positive correlation between perceived pain and severity of symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is a strong positive correlation between...

Quiz 10: The Management of Pain and Discomfort