Question 1

Which one of the following notions is consistent with the idea that "practice makes perfect"?

Accepted Answer

The incremental view of ability emphasizes that abilities can be improved through dedicated effort and practice. This is consistent with the idea that "practice makes perfect". The entity view of ability, external locus of control, and performance goals are not directly linked to the belief that practice leads to perfection.

Question 2

In expectancy x value theory, the two sources of motivation are

Accepted Answer

Expectancy x value theory proposes that motivation is determined by two factors: the individual's expectations for achieving a goal (expectancy) and the value the individual places on that goal (value). Therefore, the two sources of motivation are 1) projected future outcomes (expectancy) and 2) the value of goals.

Question 3

An "expectancy x value" theory would predict that motivation will necessarily be

Accepted Answer

According to the expectancy x value theory, motivation is determined by the product of an individual's expectation to succeed and the perceived value of the goal. Therefore, if either expectation to succeed or the perceived value of a goal is zero, motivation will also be zero.

Question 4

An entity view of ability is consistent with what type of goals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An entity view of ability is consistent...

Question 5

Anthony said, "I did well because I was lucky." The type of attribution being demonstrated is

Accepted Answer

Anthony is attributing his success to an external factor (luck) that is unstable and subject to change. He is not taking personal responsibility for his success, which would be an internal attribution. Additionally, the fact that he views luck as the reason for his success suggests that he sees the cause as not entirely within his control, making the attribution external rather than internal.

Question 6

As Jim looks at his report card, he remarks to Judy, "I got that B because I really didn't work hard in Mr. Wedell's calculus class." According to Weiner, Jim is attributing the cause of his grade to causes that are

Accepted Answer

Jim is attributing the cause of his grade to an internal (his own) factor (not working hard) that is stable (he consistently didn't work hard) and controllable (he could have worked harder).

Question 7

Fred has wanted to be a chef since he was a little kid, and he used to bake cookies with his mother. The behavioural view expert would say that Fred is motivated to be a chef because

Accepted Answer

According to the behavioural view, motivation is driven by reinforcement history, and since Fred has positive experiences baking cookies with his mother in his early childhood, he is motivated to pursue a career as a chef.

Question 8

Dennis often cons his best friends into letting him use one of their papers from last semester for his assignment in psychology this semester. In terms of goals, what type of learner does Dennis appear to be?

Accepted Answer

Dennis is avoiding doing the work himself by relying on his friends' papers. This fits with the characteristics of a work-avoidant learner.

Question 9

Whenever Matt appears to be having difficulty in completing his science laboratory work, Ms. Butterfield quickly offers to help him and encourages him to continue working. According to Graham (1991), Ms. Butterfield's behavior is likely to result in Matt developing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whenever Matt appears to be having difficulty...

Question 10

The type of learning goal that a person will be most motivated to reach is one that is

Accepted Answer

Specific goals provide clear direction and a clear target, making it easier to measure progress and evaluate success. Additionally, moderately difficult goals are seen as achievable yet challenging, helping to maintain motivation and focus.

Question 11

Students with performance goals as opposed to learning goals are concerned primarily with

Accepted Answer

Students with performance goals are focused on looking good in front of others and achieving success. They often prioritize their grades or public recognition over actually learning and improving their skills.

Question 12

Sara attributes failures to internal causes. Consequently, she is likely to blame her poor mark in science on her

Accepted Answer

Sara attributes failures to internal causes, meaning that she sees her own actions or lack thereof as the reason for her failures. Therefore, she is likely to blame her poor mark in science on her lack of effort.

Question 13

As reported by Woolfolk, the debilitating effects of anxiety are viewed to be due to

Accepted Answer

According to Woolfolk, anxiety can divert attention from the learning task to a preoccupation with one's feelings, thus limiting one's ability to learn effectively.

Question 14

Which one of the following quotes exemplifies a learning or mastery goal?

Accepted Answer

Option A shows a focus on learning or mastery because the goal is to become better prepared for Biology 101. This suggests a desire to improve oneself academically rather than simply trying to attain a grade or impress someone else.

Question 15

Participation in communities of practice is emphasized by what theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

The theory of sociocultural learning emphasizes the importance of participation in communities of practice for motivation and learning. Through interactions and collaboration with more experienced members, learners can develop their skills, knowledge, and identity as part of the community.

Question 16

Which one of the following statements is the most accurate definition of motivation?

Accepted Answer

Motivation is an inner state that not only causes a person to initiate an action but also directs and maintains their behavior towards achieving a goal. It is a multidimensional construct that encompasses factors like drive, persistence, and intensity of effort put into the activity. Therefore, option A, which includes all these dimensions, is the most accurate definition of motivation. Option B only describes the initiation aspect, while options C and D are limited to involvement and persistence, respectively, leaving out the direction and arousal aspects of motivation.

Question 17

From the pioneering work of Yerkes and Dodson (1908) to present-day research results, what is the correlation between virtually every aspect of achievement and a wide variety of anxiety measures?

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, and too much anxiety can negatively impact achievement, indicating a negative correlation between high anxiety and performance.

Question 18

Learning and information processing are influenced by reasoning and problem solving as well as by

Accepted Answer

Emotions play a significant role in learning and information processing. For instance, emotions can enhance or inhibit attention, memory, and learning. Emotions can also influence reasoning and problem-solving abilities. Thus, emotions can be either facilitative or disruptive to cognitive processes.

Question 19

Individuals are naturally motivated to learn by

Accepted Answer

Feedback and goal acceptance are two factors that research has shown to be effective in motivating individuals to learn. Anxiety and seductive details can actually be counterproductive to learning as they may distract from the main message or create stress. Performance goals may be motivating for some individuals, but they can also create unnecessary pressure and anxiety.

Question 20

Harry is apathetic and certain that he is not able to do the work. He makes poor marks in school and is not inclined to seek help. According to attribution theory, Harry is typical of students who attribute their failures to causes that are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Harry is apathetic and certain that he...

Quiz 11: Motivation in Learning and Teaching