Question 1

Import substitution industrialization (ISI)is a policy devised to
A) promote industrial development by substituting domestic manufactures for imported ones.
B) promote industrial development by substituting imported manufactures for domestic ones.
C) take advantage of single commodity export strength.
D) None of the above is true.

Accepted Answer

ISI is a policy that involves promoting industrial development domestically by replacing imported products with domestically manufactured goods. This is often done through protective tariffs, subsidies, and other government interventions to make domestic products more competitive in the market. The goal is to reduce a country's dependence on foreign goods and, ideally, create a self-sufficient and prosperous national economy.

Question 2

Some critics suggest that many Western theories of economic and political development failed to anticipate the economic stagnation and political repression in much of the developing world,because a crucial flaw in Western theory was that it focuses
A) mostly on foreign,not domestic forces.
B) mostly on domestic,not foreign forces.
C) on domestic and foreign forces,but ignored economic issues.
D) solely on political forces,but not economic issues.

Accepted Answer

The question suggests that Western theories of economic and political development failed to anticipate economic stagnation and political repression in much of the developing world. This implies that the theories were focused more on domestic forces rather than foreign forces. Therefore, the best choice is B, which suggests that the theories focused mostly on domestic, not foreign forces.

Question 3

Almost ____ percent of the global population live in low-income countries.
A) 12
B) 32
C) 52
D) 72

Accepted Answer

Approximately 12 percent of the global population lives in low-income countries, reflecting the distribution of global poverty and economic disparity.

Question 4

Of the world's 33 million people living with HIV,__________ live in sub-Saharan Africa.
A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-fourths

Accepted Answer

According to UNAIDS, as of 2020, two-thirds of the world's 33 million people living with HIV are in sub-Saharan Africa. This equates to approximately 22 million people.

Question 5

The UNDP's HDI takes into account
A) GDP.
B) life expectancy.
C) adult literacy.
D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The UNDP's HDI takes into account GDP, life expectancy, and adult literacy to measure a country's level of human development. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 6

One main reason why the gap between the rich and poor is a gap between North and South is
A) the Northern hemisphere developed at the expense of the Southern Hemisphere.
B) the prevalence of disease and the subsequent fertility response.
C) colonialism,imperialism,and globalism.
D) Northern countries dominate the global trading rules and agenda and tend to exploit Southern countries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One main reason why the gap between...

Question 7

The UN Development Program's human development index includes these measures:
A) population growth,population wealth,GDP per capita,and military spending.
B) disease prevention,political system,population size,and GDP per capita.
C) life expectancy,adult literacy,school enrollment,and GDP per capita.
D) GDP per capita,adult literacy,population growth,and social development.

Accepted Answer

The UN Development Program's human development index includes measures of life expectancy, adult literacy, school enrollment, and GDP per capita. These measures provide a comprehensive view of a country's development, including its health, educational opportunities, and economic well-being. Population growth, population wealth, political system, and military spending are not included in this index.

Question 8

Some gaps between North and the South countries continue to widen-especially differences in
A) population growth.
B) life expectancy.
C) adult literacy.
D) wealth and income.

Accepted Answer

The widening gap between North and South countries is primarily due to differences in wealth and income. While the North is typically characterized by higher levels of economic development and income, the South struggles with poverty, inequality, and underdevelopment. As a result, the divide between the two continues to widen. While there are differences in population growth, life expectancy, and adult literacy between these regions, these factors are not as significant in driving the gap as wealth and income disparities.

Question 9

More than ______ of the 2.5 billion people added since 1975 live in the developing countries.
A) 50 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Accepted Answer

The vast majority of population growth since 1975 has occurred in developing countries, accounting for more than 90 percent of the increase.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of the positive aspect of interdependence?
A) Security dilemma
B) Arms races
C) Integration
D) Nuclear strategy

Accepted Answer

Integration demonstrates the positive aspect of interdependence as it promotes collaboration and interconnectivity between countries, leading to mutual benefits in areas such as trade, security, and development. In contrast, security dilemmas, arms races, and nuclear strategies are all negative aspects of interdependence that often lead to increased tension and conflict between countries.

Question 11

On a per capita basis,citizens in high-income countries consume _____ times more electricity than their counterparts in low-income countries.
A) 25
B) 38
C) 43
D) 55

Accepted Answer

Citizens in high-income countries consume approximately 43 times more electricity on a per capita basis than those in low-income countries. This disparity highlights the significant difference in energy consumption patterns between wealthier and poorer nations, often reflecting differences in industrial activity, access to technology, and standards of living.

Question 12

World system theorists argue that when countries of the periphery became politically sovereign,or independent,in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,their ruling elites
A) cut off all economic ties with the world economy.
B) cut off all political ties with the world economy.
C) cut off political and economic ties with the world economy.
D) maintained close economic ties to the world economy.

Accepted Answer

World system theorists argue that when countries of the periphery became politically sovereign, or independent, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, their ruling elites maintained close economic ties with the world economy. This allowed them to participate in global trade, but also subjected them to the interests and policies of the core countries.

Question 13

The amount of capital (or goods)that can be obtained in exchange for one's exports can be simply referred to as
A) profit motive.
B) dependency.
C) terms of trade.
D) import-export balance.

Accepted Answer

The amount of capital (or goods) that can be obtained in exchange for one's exports is referred to as terms of trade. It refers to the ratio of export prices to import prices and is an important indicator of a country's economic performance. A favorable term of trade indicates that a country is able to obtain more imports for a given level of exports, while an unfavorable term of trade indicates that a country must export more to obtain the same level of imports.

Question 14

Comparing countries and regions in terms of their levels of development is a(n)________ exercise.
A) futile
B) easy
C) difficult
D) impossible

Accepted Answer

Comparing countries and regions in terms of their levels of development is a difficult exercise as development is a multifaceted concept and involves a range of economic, social, and political factors, which are difficult to measure and compare across different contexts.

Question 15

A theory that suggests that urbanization,secularization,and cultural tolerance that encourage an entrepreneurial spirit are the product of the dismissal of traditional practices is known as
A) dependency theory.
B) modernization theory.
C) world-systems theory.
D) self-reliance theory.

Accepted Answer

The theory that suggests urbanization, secularization, and cultural tolerance as the product of the dismissal of traditional practices is known as modernization theory. This theory argues that societies evolve from traditional to modern through a process of urbanization, industrialization, and bureaucratization, leading to increased economic prosperity and cultural tolerance. As societies evolve towards modernity, they tend to become more individualistic and entrepreneurial, which encourages innovation and economic growth.

Question 16

The North-South gap refers to the
A) discrepancy in human and economic development levels between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
B) discrepancy in development of nuclear weapons between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
C) low level of development in the Northern hemisphere and the high level of development in the Southern hemisphere.
D) discrepancy in natural resource levels between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

Accepted Answer

The North-South gap refers to the discrepancy in human and economic development levels between the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The term North-South refers to the division between developed countries in the Northern hemisphere and less developed countries in the Southern hemisphere. This gap is also known as the global North-South divide. The divide is characterized by differences in income levels, access to education, healthcare, technology, and overall quality of life.

Question 17

The prices of a country's exports relative to its imports are known as the _________.
A) trade balance
B) equity of trade
C) terms of trade
D) trade level

Accepted Answer

The prices of a country's exports relative to its imports are known as the terms of trade. It is the ratio between a country's export prices and its import prices, and it indicates how many of its imports an economy can get for a unit of its exports. It is an important economic indicator that reflects a country's economic strength and competitiveness.

Question 18

Comparing countries and regions in terms of their levels of development is a difficult exercise because
A) many countries do not report the necessary information.
B) no one country is willing to collect the information.
C) there are differing views about what exactly "development" means.
D) All of the above are true.

Accepted Answer

There are differing views about what exactly "development" means, which makes it challenging to compare countries and regions in terms of their levels of development.

Question 19

One difficulty in assessing the development level of a given country is
A) there are differing views about what development actually is.
B) there are different measures for development.
C) some people refuse to believe it can be measured.
D) All of the above are true.

Accepted Answer

All of the given options are true. There is no universally accepted definition of development and different measures such as GDP, HDI, GNI per capita, and others can be used to assess development. Additionally, some people argue that development cannot be measured because it is a subjective concept.

Question 20

____ percent of people on the earth live in high-income countries.
A) Sixteen
B) Thirty-six
C) Fifty-six
D) Seventy-six

Accepted Answer

According to the World Bank, as of 2019, only about 16% of the world's population lived in high-income countries. The majority of the population (around 84%) lived in low- and middle-income countries.

Quiz 13: Development and Underdevelopment

Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a policy devised to

Some critics suggest that many Western theories of economic and political development failed to anticipate the economic stagnation and political repression in much of the developing world,because a crucial flaw in Western theory was that it focuses

Almost ____ percent of the global population live in low-income countries.

Of the world's 33 million people living with HIV,__________ live in sub-Saharan Africa.

The UNDP's HDI takes into account

One main reason why the gap between the rich and poor is a gap between North and South is

The UN Development Program's human development index includes these measures:

Some gaps between North and the South countries continue to widen-especially differences in

More than ______ of the 2.5 billion people added since 1975 live in the developing countries.

Which of the following is an example of the positive aspect of interdependence?

On a per capita basis,citizens in high-income countries consume _____ times more electricity than their counterparts in low-income countries.

World system theorists argue that when countries of the periphery became politically sovereign,or independent,in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,their ruling elites

The amount of capital (or goods) that can be obtained in exchange for one's exports can be simply referred to as

Comparing countries and regions in terms of their levels of development is a(n) ________ exercise.

A theory that suggests that urbanization,secularization,and cultural tolerance that encourage an entrepreneurial spirit are the product of the dismissal of traditional practices is known as

The North-South gap refers to the

The prices of a country's exports relative to its imports are known as the _________.

Comparing countries and regions in terms of their levels of development is a difficult exercise because

One difficulty in assessing the development level of a given country is

____ percent of people on the earth live in high-income countries.