Question 1

Calculate the mass defect in Fe-56 if the mass of an Fe-56 nucleus is 55.921 u. The mass of a proton is 1.00728 u and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 u.

Accepted Answer

The mass defect is the difference between the mass of the nucleus and the sum of the masses of its individual protons and neutrons. For Fe-56, the mass defect is:Mass defect = (56 * 1.008665 u) + (26 * 1.00728 u) - 55.921 u = 0.528 u

Question 2

The following reaction represents what nuclear process?

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Question 3

The following reaction represents which nuclear process?

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Question 4

Determine how many neutrons are produced during the neutron-induced fission of  Pu to form  Kr and  Ce.

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Question 5

The splitting of the uranium atom is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The splitting of the uranium atom is known as nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion is the combination of two atomic nuclei into a single, more massive nucleus, and radioactive cleavage, radioactive merge, and recombination are not scientifically accurate terms for the process.

Question 6

Determine the binding energy of an O-16 nucleus. The O-16 nucleus has a mass of 15.9905 u. A proton has a mass of 1.00728 u, a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 u, and 1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

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Question 7

A geological sample is found to have a Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio of 0.337/1.00. Assuming there was no Pb-206 present when the sample was formed, how old is it? The half-life of U-238 is 4.5 × 10⁹ years.

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Question 8

The age of an ancient tree trunk is estimated using radiocarbon dating. If the trunk has a C-14 decay rate that is 34% of what it is in living plants, how old is the trunk? The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.

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Question 9

Determine the binding energy per nucleon of a Mg-24 nucleus. The Mg-24 nucleus has a mass of 23.985042 u. A proton has a mass of 1.00728 u, a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 u, and 1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

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Question 10

The following reaction represents what nuclear process? \
 H +  H →  He +  n

Accepted Answer

This reaction involves the combination of two hydrogen nuclei into one helium nucleus, which is a process known as nuclear fusion.

Question 11

The combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nuclei is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fusion is the combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. This process releases a large amount of energy and is the process that powers the sun and other stars. The other choices, radioactive cleavage and radioactive merge, are not commonly used scientific terms. Nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei, and recombination refers to the combining of electrons and ions to form neutral atoms or molecules.

Question 12

Calculate the mass defect in Mo-96 if the mass of a Mo-96 nucleus is 95.962 u. The mass of a proton is 1.00728 u and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 u.

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Question 13

Determine how many neutrons are produced during the spontaneous fission of  Am to form I-134 and Mo-107.

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Question 14

Complete the following equation of nuclear fusion. 
 H +  H →  He + ________

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Question 15

Determine the binding energy of a F-19 nucleus. The F-19 nucleus has a mass of 18.99840325 u. A proton has a mass of 1.00728 u, a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 u, and 1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

Accepted Answer

The binding energy (BE) of a nucleus can be calculated using the formula:

BE = [Z(mass of a proton) + (A-Z)(mass of a neutron) - mass of the nucleus] x c^2

where Z is the atomic number, A is the mass number, and c is the speed of light.

For F-19 nucleus, Z = 9 and A = 19. Using the given mass values, we can calculate the mass of F-19 nucleus as follows:

mass of F-19 nucleus = (9 x 1.00728 u) + (19 - 9) x 1.008665 u = 18.998596 u

The BE of F-19 nucleus is then:

BE = [9(1.00728 u) + 10(1.008665 u) - 18.99840325 u] x (931 MeV/u)

BE = 143 MeV

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 16

Determine the half-life of a nuclide that loses 38.0% of its mass in 387 hours.

Accepted Answer

The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the sample to decay. In this case, the nuclide lost 38.0% of its mass, which means that it has 62.0% of its original mass remaining. We can set up an equation using the formula for exponential decay:

0.62 = (1/2)^(t/h)

where t is the time in hours and h is the half-life in hours. Solving for h, we get:

h = t / log2(1/2)

h = t / (-0.693)

h = -1.443t

Plugging in the given values:

0.62 = (1/2)^(387/h)

Taking the log of both sides:

log(0.62) = -387/h * log(2)

h = -387 / (log(0.62) / log(2))

h ≈ 561 hours

Therefore, the half-life of the nuclide is approximately 561 hours.

Question 17

Fluorine-18 undergoes positron emission with a half-life of 1.10 × 10² minutes. If a patient is given a 248 mg dose for a PET scan, how long will it take for the amount of fluorine-18 to drop to 83 mg? (Assume that none of the fluorine is excreted from the body.)

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Question 18

Calculate the mass defect in Ni-59 if the mass of a Ni-59 nucleus is 58.69344 u. The mass of a proton is 1.00728 u and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 u.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Write a nuclear equation to describe the neutron-induced fission of U-235 to form Xe-134 and Sr-100. Determine how many neutrons are produced in the reaction.

Accepted Answer

The nuclear equation for the neutron induced fission of U-235 to form Xe-134 and Sr-100 is:

U-235 + n -> Xe-134 + Sr-100 + 2n

In this equation, one neutron is absorbed by the U-235 nucleus, which splits into two smaller nuclei (Xe-134 and Sr-100) and two neutrons are released. Therefore, two neutrons are produced in the reaction. Therefore, the best choice for the number of neutrons produced is E, which is 2.

Question 20

The nuclide As-76 has a half-life of 26.0 hours. If a sample of As-76 weighs 344 g, what mass of As-76 remains after 538 minutes?

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Quiz 19: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry