Question 1

Deaf infants coo and babble at about the same time as hearing infants, but lacking the auditory input of spoken language, they do not naturally develop spoken language later. Which of Aslin's five types of environmental influence does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deaf infants coo and babble at about...

Question 2

A set of five models of environmental influence was suggested by

Accepted Answer

Aslin proposed a set of five models of environmental influence, focusing on how external factors impact development and learning.

Question 3

Which of the following terms is defined as a system of meanings and customs that is shared by an identifiable group and transmitted from one generation of that group to the next?

Accepted Answer

The definition given matches the concept of culture.

Question 4

Werner and Smith's research has found that ________ of children who grew up in poverty level chaotic families turn out to be competent, confident, caring adults.

Accepted Answer

Werner and Smith's research found that about one-third of children who grew up in poverty level chaotic families turn out to be competent, confident, caring adults.

Question 5

An emphasis on individualism would most likely be found in which subculture?

Accepted Answer

European American culture, particularly in Western societies, places a strong emphasis on individualism, self-reliance, and personal achievement. This is evident in the cultural values of autonomy, personal responsibility, and the pursuit of individual goals and aspirations. Other subcultures, such as Asian American or Native American, may place greater emphasis on collectivism, community or family values, and respect for authority or tradition.

Question 6

Four-year-old Harry has developed a set of assumptions about the world, about himself, and his relationships with others. Psychologists call this his

Accepted Answer

The set of assumptions developed by Harry is known as his internal model. This refers to his understanding of how the world works, his place in it, and his relationships with others. It is shaped by his experiences and interactions with others, and will continue to be refined and modified as he grows and learns more about the world around him.

Question 7

An experimenter randomly assigns half of a group of infants to a special enriched day care program. Within six months the infants in the enriched program have higher IQs. Two years later the difference between the two groups has declined, but the enriched group is still higher in IQ. This pattern would illustrate which of Aslin's five types of environmental influence?

Accepted Answer

Attunement refers to an initial increase in a skill or ability due to an enriched environment, which persists over time even if the environmental influence is reduced.

Question 8

In Aslin's model, a pure environmental effect is

Accepted Answer

Induction refers to a pure environmental effect where the environment plays a crucial role in developing a skill or behavior that would not emerge without specific environmental input.

Question 9

Which of Aslin's models describes a pattern with NO environmental effect?

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to patterns that occur due to the natural progression of an organism's development and do not depend on environmental factors.

Question 10

Which of the following terms includes high intelligence, good coordination, and easy temperment?

Accepted Answer

Protective factors are characteristics or conditions that help individuals and communities deal more effectively with stressful events and minimize their harmful effects. High intelligence, good coordination, and easy temperament are all examples of protective factors.

Question 11

Of the following, the psychoanalytic theorist is

Accepted Answer

Freud is the only theorist listed who is known for his psychoanalytic theories, which focus on the unconscious mind and the role that childhood experiences play in shaping personality and behavior.

Question 12

Which of the following is characteristic of a culture which emphasizes individualism?

Accepted Answer

A culture that emphasizes individualism values independence, autonomy, and self-reliance over group cohesion and collective responsibility.

Question 13

Alissa lives in an individualistic culture. We would expect that Alissa

Accepted Answer

In individualistic cultures, individuals are valued for their personal achievements and success, and therefore, Alissa would strive to achieve the best grades in her class. Sharing possessions is not as common in individualistic cultures, and placing family needs first is more common in collectivistic cultures. Feeling obligated to carry out duties assigned to her is a trait of a high power distance culture, and deriving identity from peer group is seen more in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance.

Question 14

The ecological perspective in developmental psychology

Accepted Answer

The ecological perspective in developmental psychology looks at the context in which the child grows up, including factors such as family, culture, and community. It highlights the importance of understanding how these factors interact and influence development.

Question 15

Which of the following pairs of terms and definitions of models of environmental influence are paired correctly?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following pairs of terms...

Question 16

What is the most accurate statement about the concept of internal models of experience?

Accepted Answer

Internal models of experience refer to a person's core ideas and assumptions that filter and shape their perception and understanding of new experiences. This statement accurately reflects the concept. The other options are either not related to internal models of experience or inaccurate.

Question 17

Who proposed that the child's inborn vulnerability or resilience interacts in a particular way with the "facilitativeness" of the environment?

Accepted Answer

Michael Horowitz proposed the concept that a child's inborn vulnerability or resilience interacts with the facilitativeness of the environment, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between individual traits and environmental factors.

Question 18

The name most associated with the ecological perspective in the study of human development is

Accepted Answer

Urie Bronfenbrenner is considered the founder of the ecological perspective, which emphasizes the influence of multiple levels of environmental systems on human development. Other choices (A, B, D, and E) are associated with different theories or perspectives in the field of human development.

Question 19

One of a pair of identical twins was given extra practice in pre-walking movements, and the other twin was not. If the twin with extra practice walked several months earlier, but the other twin caught up within four months, this would illustrate which of Aslin's five types of environmental influence?

Accepted Answer

Facilitation refers to an environmental influence that enhances the expression of an innate capacity. In this case, the extra practice provided to one twin facilitated their earlier walking. However, the fact that the other twin caught up within four months suggests that both twins had the innate capacity to walk at a similar time, and thus maturation (the unfolding of genetically programmed developmental changes) likely played a role as well.

Question 20

Mariano lives in a collectivist culture. He will be encouraged to

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, consultation with others before making a decision is valued, as group harmony and consensus are important. Becoming independent, assuming personal responsibility for actions, being competitive, and developing individual identity are more emphasized in individualistic cultures.

Quiz 1: Basic Issues in the Study of Development