Question 1

Which perspective would explain gender differences in behavior by emphasizing the division of labor arising from reproductive biology?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective emphasizes the role of reproductive biology and natural selection in shaping behavior, including gender differences. It suggests that men and women evolved different traits and behaviors due to their differing reproductive pressures, leading to gender-specific roles in society.

Question 2

A graduate student wants to study features of the person that influence the type of romantic relationship that people desire. The graduate student decides to focus on genetic predispositions and human nature. Which perspective is the graduate student utilizing?

Accepted Answer

The graduate student is focusing on genetic predispositions and human nature, which is the main focus of the evolutionary perspective. The other perspectives (social cognitive, social learning, and sociocultural) focus on different aspects of human behavior and development.

Question 3

The idea that social behavior is goal-oriented is consistent with which of the four major perspectives in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

The idea that social behavior is goal-oriented is a fundamental concept that can be integrated into all four major perspectives in social psychology: evolutionary, sociocultural, cognitive, and learning perspectives. Each perspective might explain the goal-oriented nature of behavior in different ways, but they all acknowledge that behavior is often directed towards achieving certain goals.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why men and women act in line with gender stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

All of the factors listed (social learning, cultural norms, and biology) can contribute to the development and perpetuation of gender stereotypes.

Question 5

The textbook argues that, instead of trying to explain gender differences in terms of only in our genes, our cultural learning experiences, or in our minds, we should

Accepted Answer

The textbook emphasizes that gender differences are a complex interplay of genetics, culture, and cognitive processes, and that we need to consider all of these factors in understanding gender differences.

Question 6

Which of the following principles is common to all five basic motives in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Social behavior represents an interaction between the person and the situation is a principle that is common to all five basic motives in social psychology, including affiliation, achievement, power, self-presentation, and intimacy. Each of these motives involves an individual's internal factors (such as goals, needs, and values) interacting with external factors (such as situational demands, constraints, and opportunities) in determining the specific behaviors that are exhibited in a given social context. Therefore, understanding the interplay between the person and the situation is essential for explaining and predicting social behavior across different domains. Choice A is incorrect because while rewards and punishments can shape behavior, they are not the only factors that influence social behavior. Choice B is incorrect because while natural selection can explain some aspects of social behavior (such as altruism), it does not apply equally to all motives. Choice C is incorrect because while perception is important in shaping behavior, it is not the only factor that determines social behavior.

Question 7

J. Edgar Hoover may have kept extensive records of the sex lives of powerful people in order to keep anyone from exposing the potentially damaging fact that he was a homosexual. This fits with which fundamental goal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of J. Edgar Hoover may have kept extensive...

Question 8

Nancy finds out that her friends formed a study group and didn't invite her to join. Nancy begins to think badly of herself, and her self-esteem decreases. According to the work of Leary et al. (1995), self-esteem is acting as a_________________that tells Nancy she has been excluded.

Accepted Answer

Leary et al. (1995) proposed the concept of a "sociometer," which is a mechanism within the brain that monitors social exclusion and activation of the pain of rejection. It acts as a barometer of social acceptance or rejection, informing individuals about their social value or status. Therefore, the correct answer is C) sociometer.

Question 9

According to your textbook, all of the following are fundamental social motivations EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The textbook lists three fundamental social motivations: establishing social ties, understanding ourselves and others, and gaining and maintaining status. Succeeding in career endeavors is not mentioned as a fundamental social motivation.

Question 10

Women occupy fewer positions of leadership in business and politics. How would the social learning perspective explain this gender disparity?

Accepted Answer

The social learning perspective suggests that people learn behavior through observation and reinforcement. If women are not rewarded for displaying leadership qualities, they may be less likely to strive for leadership positions. Studies have shown that women are often penalized for displaying assertiveness or other traditionally "masculine" leadership behaviors, whereas men who display those same behaviors are often praised. This can create a disincentive for women to pursue leadership positions.

Question 11

One of the basic principles of social behavior is

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the basic principles of social...

Question 12

The two basic principles of social behavior are that

Accepted Answer

Social behavior is often understood as being goal-oriented and as a result of the interaction between a person and their situation, reflecting how individuals adapt their behavior to achieve specific objectives within different contexts.

Question 13

Francois associates with high status friends in order to gain and maintain status, whereas Antonio acts aggressively in order to gain and maintain status. What principle of social behavior does this situation illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Francois associates with high status friends in...

Question 14

Roger is highly motivated to be the chief editor of the college newspaper. He concentrates on it so much that sometimes he's rude to others on the paper. Roger's need for_________________is interfering with the extent to which others find him_________________.

Accepted Answer

The sentence implies that Roger's need for dominance is causing him to be rude to others, which is interfering with his agreeableness or likability. The other options mentioned (winning, structure, intelligence) are not directly relevant to the sentence given.

Question 15

The goals of being seen as likable, fitting in, conforming to the preferences of others, and gaining approval are all associated with the fundamental goal

Accepted Answer

The goal of establishing social ties is closely related to being seen as likable, fitting in, conforming to the preferences of others, and gaining approval. People naturally seek to connect with others and be part of a social group, and these behaviors are often a means of achieving that goal. B, C, and D are not as directly related to these specific social behaviors.

Question 16

According to the textbook

Accepted Answer

The textbook notes that the different goals of social behavior (such as affiliation, achievement, and power) are interdependent, meaning they are often pursued simultaneously and can influence each other. For example, someone may seek affiliation with a group in order to increase their power and status within that group. Additionally, the five basic motives (achievement, belonging, understanding, control, and self-enhancement) can all affect these goals and how they are pursued.

Question 17

The different goals of coping with feelings of annoyance, gaining or maintaining status, protecting oneself or others, or gaining material or social benefits may all contribute to the expression of

Accepted Answer

Coping with feelings of annoyance, gaining or maintaining status, and protecting oneself or others may all lead to aggressive behavior. Gaining material or social benefits may lead to manipulative or deceitful behavior, but not necessarily aggressive behavior. Attitude change and cognitive stereotyping are not related to the expressed behavior.

Question 18

The social motive of social status includes benefits such as

Accepted Answer

Access to rewards and attracting mates are both benefits of social status that serve as social motives. These benefits can increase the chances of survival and passing on genes, which are important evolutionary goals for individuals.

Question 19

The goal of defending ourselves and others whom we value is often associated with which of the following social behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The goal of defending ourselves and others whom we value can be associated with aggression (as a means of defense), prejudice (holding negative attitudes towards those perceived as threats), and intergroup conflict (where groups may clash in the interest of protecting their members), making all of the options correct in this context.

Question 20

You have a friend who keeps a list of their "enemies" and is constantly doubting your loyalty as a friend. This person has some symptoms of

Accepted Answer

The friend's behavior of keeping a list of enemies and doubting their friend's loyalty are consistent with the symptoms of paranoid personality disorder, which includes being suspicious of others and holding grudges. The other options do not fit the described behaviors as well.

Quiz 14: Integrating Social Psychology