Suppose the government imposes an emissions tax of $t on each unit of pollution produced by a firm. Under which of the following circumstances would the tax rate be set too high to achieve allocative efficiency?
A) the firm could not afford to pay the tax
B) the tax rate is less than the marginal external cost of the pollution
C) the tax rate causes the firm's ATC curve to shift up
D) the tax rate is greater than the marginal external cost of the pollution
E) the tax rate is greater than the firm's private marginal cost of production
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