Question 1

Following parental teaching,the nurse is evaluating the parents' understanding of environmental control for their child's asthma management.Teaching has been understood by the parents if they state:

Accepted Answer

Replacing carpet with tile can decrease the amount of allergens that are trapped in the fibers of the carpet, reducing the child's exposure to irritants that can trigger asthma symptoms.

Answer: D 
 Dusting plants can help remove pollen and other allergens that may be on the leaves or in the potting soil, reducing the child's exposure to irritants that can trigger asthma symptoms.

Answer: B and C 
 The presence of pets and the use of fireplaces can both trigger asthma symptoms and should be avoided if possible.

Question 2

A child is admitted with epiglottitis,and needs an x-ray.The nurse orders the x-ray to be done:

Accepted Answer

Transporting a child with epiglottitis can be dangerous because it can cause agitation and result in a life-threatening airway obstruction. Therefore, the best option is to perform the x-ray in the child's hospital room using a portable equipment, which minimizes the risk of further agitation or potential complications.

Question 3

A child is on rifampin (Rimactane)for treatment of tuberculosis.The parents call the clinic and report that the child's urine is orange.The nurse should advise the parents to:

Accepted Answer

Rifampin can cause orange-colored urine, and this is a common and expected side effect. There is no need to bring the child to the clinic for urinalysis, kidney x-rays, or to drink cranberry juice in this situation.

Question 4

The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment on a pediatric client.Identify the area where the nurse would assess for substernal retractions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment...

Question 5

Supportive care for the family of an infant with sudden infant syndrome (SIDS)includes:

Accepted Answer

Allowing the parents to hold, touch, and rock the infant can provide comfort and emotional support during this difficult time. The other options are not appropriate or helpful in supportive care for the family of an infant with SIDS. It is important to allow the parents to grieve and process their emotions, provide information about SIDS, offer support resources, and encourage them to seek further medical evaluation and counseling if needed.

Question 6

The nurse is teaching a group of infants' mothers about the benefits of immunizations.The nurse will explain that the life-threatening disease epiglottitis can be prevented by immunizing against:

Accepted Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) is the vaccine that can prevent epiglottitis. Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR), Hepatitis B, and Polio vaccines do not protect against epiglottitis.

Question 7

A newborn is suspected of having cystic fibrosis.As the child is being prepared for transfer to a pediatric hospital,the mother asks the nurse what symptoms made the physician suspect cystic fibrosis.The nurse would reply that the clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis that is seen first is:

Accepted Answer

Meconium ileus is often the first clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis. It occurs due to the thick and sticky mucus that blocks the small intestine, causing a buildup of meconium. This can lead to abdominal distension, vomiting, and difficulty passing stools. Cystic fibrosis can also present with respiratory symptoms, such as chronic cough, wheezing, and recurrent infections. However, meconium ileus is more specific to cystic fibrosis and typically presents earlier than respiratory symptoms.

Question 8

An appropriate nursing diagnosis for an infant with acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus would be:

Accepted Answer

Activity intolerance is appropriate due to the increased work of breathing and decreased oxygenation associated with acute bronchiolitis, leading to fatigue and decreased tolerance for activity.

Question 9

A nurse is assessing an infant.The assessment that might indicate the infant's respiratory status is worsening is:

Accepted Answer

Grunting respirations with nasal flaring are signs of respiratory distress and may indicate worsening respiratory status in infants. Acrocyanosis (bluish discoloration of hands and feet), an arterial CO2 of 40 (normal range for infants), and periorbital edema (swelling around the eyes) may also be assessed during an infant assessment but are not specifically indicative of respiratory status.

Question 10

A child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia.The child's oximetry reading upon admission to the pediatric floor is 88.The priority nursing activity for this child would be to:

Accepted Answer

The priority nursing activity for a child with a low oximetry reading is to provide oxygen therapy to improve oxygen saturation in the blood. Oxygen therapy should be started immediately at a low flow rate and adjusted as needed. Obtaining a blood sample for electrolyte analysis, medicating for pain, and administering intravenous fluids are important nursing interventions but are not the priority when the child's oxygen saturation is low.

Question 11

The nurse is teaching the parents of a newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis client how to administer the pancreatic enzymes.The nurse will advise the parents to administer the enzymes:

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic enzymes should be administered with meals and large snacks to aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Question 12

A child is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB).The nurse should be prepared to:

Accepted Answer

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is commonly caused by a viral infection and involves inflammation and narrowing of the upper airway, making it difficult for a child to breathe. The treatment of choice is administration of nebulized epinephrine to reduce inflammation and improve breathing, along with a dose of oral or IM dexamethasone to decrease airway swelling. Antibiotics would not be effective since LTB is usually caused by a virus, not bacteria. Swabbing the throat for a culture or obtaining a sputum specimen would not be necessary for LTB.

Question 13

A child is showing signs of acute respiratory distress.The child should be positioned:

Accepted Answer

The child should be positioned upright to help facilitate breathing and ease the workload on the respiratory system. This positioning helps increase lung expansion and allows for better air exchange.

Question 14

A nurse delegates the task of infant vital sign assessment to a nurse technician.The nurse should instruct the technician to:

Accepted Answer

A breathing pause lasting 20 seconds or longer in an infant is considered abnormal and may indicate apnea, which requires further evaluation and intervention.

Question 15

A physician has changed a child's asthma medication to salmeterol (Serevent).The mother asks the nurse what this drug will do.The nurse should explain that salmeterol (Serevent)is used to treat asthma because the drug:

Accepted Answer

Salmeterol (Serevent) is a long-acting bronchodilator used to relieve bronchospasms and improve breathing in individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing more air to flow in and out of the lungs.

Quiz 48: The Child With Alterations in Respiratory Function