Question 1

The nurse prepares a DTaP (diphtheria,tetanus toxoid,and acellular pertussis)immunization for a 6-month-old infant.To administer this injection safely,the nurse chooses which of the following needles (size and length),injection type,and injection site?

Accepted Answer

For a 6-month-old infant, the recommended needle size is 25 gauge and the length is ⅝ inch for IM injections. The recommended injection site is the anterolateral thigh. Additionally, DTaP is administered as an IM injection, not an ID or SQ injection. Therefore, choice A is the best option.

Question 2

The hospital has instructed its nurses that they must participate in disease surveillance associated with infectious agents.The nurses are warned that,of the following diseases,which is/are likely to be weapons of terrorists?

Accepted Answer

Plague, anthrax, and smallpox are all potential agents of bioterrorism. SARS is not necessarily associated with bioterrorism, while rubella, mumps, and chickenpox are not typically considered to be bioterrorism agents. Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease are transmitted by ticks and are not associated with bioterrorism.

Question 3

The nurse prepares the second diphtheria,tetanus toxoid,and acellular pertussis (DTAP)and second inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)immunization injections for an infant who is 4 months old.Provided a separate injection site is used for all injections,the nurse also may give which of the following immunizations during the same well child care appointment?

Accepted Answer

The Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine can be given at the same time as the DTaP/IPV vaccines, as long as separate injection sites are used for each vaccine. The Varicella (Var) and Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccines are not recommended until after the child's first birthday. Influenza (TIV) vaccine is recommended annually starting at 6 months of age, but can be given separately from the DTaP/IPV/Hib vaccines.

Question 4

A 2-year-child with a fever is prescribed amoxicillin clavulanate 250 mg/5 cc t.i.d.PO × 10 days for otitis media.To guard against antibiotic resistance,the nurse instructs the parent to:

Accepted Answer

Giving the antibiotic for the full 10 days is important to guard against the development of antibiotic resistance. It is also important to not prematurely stop the medication if the child is afebrile before the 10 days are up. Giving a loading dose or measuring the dose in a household teaspoon are not appropriate instructions and can lead to incorrect dosing.

Question 5

A nurse is providing information to a group of new mothers.The nurse would explain that newborns and young infants are more susceptible to infection because they have:

Accepted Answer

Newborns and young infants have immune systems that are not fully mature at birth, making them more susceptible to infections. While maternal antibodies and transplacental immunity can provide some protection, they eventually wane and the infant's own immune system must take over. Exposure to microorganisms during the birth process can also increase the risk of infection, but it is not the main reason for susceptibility in newborns and young infants.

Question 6

A parent reports that her 5-year-old child,who has had all recommended immunizations,had a mild fever 1 week ago,and now has bright red cheeks and a lacy red rash on the trunk and arms.The nurse recognizes that this child might have:

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with Fifth disease, also known as Erythema infectiosum. The rash on the cheeks is called a "slapped cheek" rash and is a characteristic feature of this viral infection. The lacy red rash on the trunk and arms is also typical of Fifth disease. Chickenpox and German measles would present with different symptoms, while Roseola typically features a high fever before the onset of the rash.

Question 7

The hospital has just provided its nurses with information about biologic threats and terrorism.After completing the course,a group of nurses are discussing their responsibility in relation to terrorism.The nurses who correctly understood the presentation are the ones who identify their action to be:

Accepted Answer

Notifying the CDC of a large number of persons with the same life-threatening infection can indicate a potential bioterrorism incident or outbreak of a harmful infectious disease. This is an important responsibility of healthcare professionals and can help prevent the spread of the disease. A, B, and D are not related to biologic threats or terrorism. Separating clients according to cultural, religious, or ethnic group is not a recommended practice and can lead to discrimination. Disposing of blood-contaminated needles in the sharps container and initiating isolation precautions for a hospitalized client with MRSA are standard infection control precautions and not specific to biologic threats or terrorism.

Question 8

A goal of Healthy People 2010 is full immunization of 95% of children in kindergarten and first grade in the United States.To help reach this goal,the school nurse can teach families about which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The school nurse can teach families about the risks of communicable diseases and the risks and benefits of vaccines from vaccine information statements as required by the National Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 and 1993. This will help parents make informed decisions about vaccinating their children and is an important step in achieving the goal of full immunization of 95% of children in kindergarten and first grade. Options A, B, and C are not accurate or helpful in achieving this goal.

Question 9

A parent is given a prescription of amoxicillin for his 1-year-old son.The prescription reads "amoxicillin 125mg/5mL PO t.i.d.× 10 days." What is the total volume in milliliters of amoxicillin that must be dispensed? _____

Accepted Answer

The answer of A parent is given a prescription of...

Question 10

A mother brings her 4-month-old infant in for a routine checkup and vaccinations.The mother reports that the 4-month-old was exposed to a brother who has the flu.In this case,the nurse will:

Accepted Answer

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants receive their vaccinations as scheduled even if they have been exposed to someone with the flu. The only exception would be if the infant is currently sick with a fever or other illness, in which case the vaccinations may be postponed until the infant has recovered.

Question 11

A mother refuses to have her child immunized with the measles,mumps,and rubella (MMR)vaccine because she believes that letting her infant get these diseases will help him fight off other diseases later in life.The nurse's most appropriate response to this mother is to:

Accepted Answer

The nurse should explain to the mother that if her child contracts measles, mumps, or rubella, he could have serious and permanent complications from these diseases. It is important to educate the mother on the potential risks and complications associated with not vaccinating her child.

Question 12

The school nurse is trying to prevent the spread of a flu virus through the school.Infection control strategies that may be employed include: (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

Sanitizing toys, telephones, and doorknobs to kill pathogens helps prevent the spread of the virus. Separating children with infections from well children reduces the risk of transmission. Teaching children to wash their hands after using the bathroom is an effective way to prevent the spread of infections. Choices A and B are not effective strategies to prevent the spread of a flu virus through the school.

Question 13

The nurse is planning equipment needs for a new health provider office in which immunizations will be given among other services.Which indicates the priority consideration?

Accepted Answer

A medication refrigerator is necessary for vaccine storage as the vaccines need to be stored at a specific temperature range to maintain their effectiveness. B is also important as at least one refrigerator for cold storage is needed, but the medication refrigerator should take priority for vaccine storage. Options A and C do not provide crucial considerations for proper vaccine storage.

Question 14

A 3-year-old child is lying in a fetal position.The child has pale skin,glassy eyes,and a flat affect.The child is irritable,and refuses food and fluids.The child's vital signs are a temperature of 40.1ºC (104.2ºF),pulse of 120/minute,and respirations of 28/minute.The best,most comprehensive description of this child's condition is:

Accepted Answer

The description of the child's condition includes symptoms such as pale skin, glassy eyes, flat affect, irritability, refusal of food and fluids, and high fever (40.1ºC/104.2ºF), which are indicative of a toxic state. This could potentially be caused by an infection or ingestion of a toxic substance.

Question 15

The hospital admitting nurse is taking a history on a child's illness from the parents.The nurse concludes that the parents treated their 6-year-old child appropriately for a fever when they report that they:

Accepted Answer

Offering generous amounts of fluids frequently is the appropriate treatment for a fever in a child. Aspirin should not be used in children under 18 years old and putting a child in a tub of cold water can cause hypothermia. Alternating between acetaminophen and ibuprofen can lead to dosing errors and is not recommended unless specifically directed by a healthcare provider.

Quiz 45: Immunization and Communicable Diseases

The nurse prepares a DTaP (diphtheria,tetanus toxoid,and acellular pertussis) immunization for a 6-month-old infant.To administer this injection safely,the nurse chooses which of the following needles (size and length) ,injection type,and injection site?