As an example of Kant's second categorical imperative,Hinman (1998)describes research done in the 1930s on the long-term effects of ______.

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Kant's second categorical imperative states that individuals should treat other people as ends in themselves and not merely as means to their own ends. This research on the long-term effects of syphilis, known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, violated this imperative because the researchers treated the study participants, who were mostly poor and uneducated African American men, as mere means to gather data without their informed consent or concern for their health and well-being. The participants were not given proper treatment for their syphilis and were instead kept untreated for decades to observe the effects of the disease, leading to needless suffering and death.

As an Example of Kant's Second Categorical Imperative,Hinman (1998)describes Research